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==Origin==
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] ''filtre'', from Medieval Latin ''filtrum'' piece of felt used as a filter, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German ''filz'' felt
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1563]
==Definitions==
*1a : a porous article or mass (as of paper or sand) through which a [[gas]] or [[liquid]] is passed to separate out matter in [[suspension]]
:b : an apparatus containing a filter [[medium]]
*2a : a device or material for suppressing or minimizing [[waves]] or [[oscillations]] of certain [[frequencies]] (as of [[electricity]], [[light]], or [[sound]])
:b : a [[transparent]] [[material]] (as colored glass) that [[absorbs]] light of certain [[wavelengths]] or colors selectively and is used for modifying light that reaches a sensitized photographic material —called also color filter
*3: something that has the [[effect]] of a filter (as by holding back elements or modifying the [[appearance]] of something) <his work is too often viewed through the filter of [[race]] — Brent Staples>
*4: software for sorting or blocking [[access]] to certain online material
==Description==
'''Filtration''' is commonly the [[mechanical]] or physical operation which is used for the [[separation]] of [[solids]] from [[fluids]] (liquids or [[gases]]) by interposing a [[medium]] through which only the fluid can pass. Oversize solids in the fluid are retained, but the separation is not complete; solids will be contaminated with some fluid and filtrate will contain fine particles (depending on the pore size and filter thickness). Filtration is also used to [[describe]] some [[biological]] processes, especially in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatment water treatment] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment sewage treatment] in which undesirable constituents are removed by [[absorption]] into a biological film grown on or in the filter medium as in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_sand_filter slow sand filtration].
Examples of filtration include
*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_filter coffee filter] to keep the coffee separate from the grounds.
*HEPA filters in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning air conditioning] to remove particles from air.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_filter Belt filters] to extract precious metals in mining.
*Horizontal plate filter, also known as Sparkler filter.
*Furnaces use filtration to prevent the furnace elements from fouling with particulates.
*Pneumatic conveying systems often employ filtration to stop or slow the flow of material that is transported, through the use of a baghouse.
*In the [[laboratory]], a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCchner_funnel Büchner funnel] is often used, with a filter paper serving as the porous [[barrier]].
An [[experiment]] to prove the [[existence]] of [[microscopic]] [[organisms]] involves the comparison of water passed through unglazed [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcelain porcelain] and unfiltered water. When left in sealed containers the filtered water takes longer to go foul, demonstrating that very small items (such as [[bacteria]]) can be removed from fluids by filtration.
In the kidney, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_filtration renal filtration] is the filtration of [[blood]] in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulus glomerulus], followed by selective reabsorbtion of many substances essential for the body to maintain homeostasis.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter_%28chemistry%29]
[[Category: Chemistry]]
==Origin==
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] ''filtre'', from Medieval Latin ''filtrum'' piece of felt used as a filter, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German ''filz'' felt
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1563]
==Definitions==
*1a : a porous article or mass (as of paper or sand) through which a [[gas]] or [[liquid]] is passed to separate out matter in [[suspension]]
:b : an apparatus containing a filter [[medium]]
*2a : a device or material for suppressing or minimizing [[waves]] or [[oscillations]] of certain [[frequencies]] (as of [[electricity]], [[light]], or [[sound]])
:b : a [[transparent]] [[material]] (as colored glass) that [[absorbs]] light of certain [[wavelengths]] or colors selectively and is used for modifying light that reaches a sensitized photographic material —called also color filter
*3: something that has the [[effect]] of a filter (as by holding back elements or modifying the [[appearance]] of something) <his work is too often viewed through the filter of [[race]] — Brent Staples>
*4: software for sorting or blocking [[access]] to certain online material
==Description==
'''Filtration''' is commonly the [[mechanical]] or physical operation which is used for the [[separation]] of [[solids]] from [[fluids]] (liquids or [[gases]]) by interposing a [[medium]] through which only the fluid can pass. Oversize solids in the fluid are retained, but the separation is not complete; solids will be contaminated with some fluid and filtrate will contain fine particles (depending on the pore size and filter thickness). Filtration is also used to [[describe]] some [[biological]] processes, especially in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatment water treatment] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment sewage treatment] in which undesirable constituents are removed by [[absorption]] into a biological film grown on or in the filter medium as in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_sand_filter slow sand filtration].
Examples of filtration include
*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_filter coffee filter] to keep the coffee separate from the grounds.
*HEPA filters in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning air conditioning] to remove particles from air.
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_filter Belt filters] to extract precious metals in mining.
*Horizontal plate filter, also known as Sparkler filter.
*Furnaces use filtration to prevent the furnace elements from fouling with particulates.
*Pneumatic conveying systems often employ filtration to stop or slow the flow of material that is transported, through the use of a baghouse.
*In the [[laboratory]], a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCchner_funnel Büchner funnel] is often used, with a filter paper serving as the porous [[barrier]].
An [[experiment]] to prove the [[existence]] of [[microscopic]] [[organisms]] involves the comparison of water passed through unglazed [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcelain porcelain] and unfiltered water. When left in sealed containers the filtered water takes longer to go foul, demonstrating that very small items (such as [[bacteria]]) can be removed from fluids by filtration.
In the kidney, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_filtration renal filtration] is the filtration of [[blood]] in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulus glomerulus], followed by selective reabsorbtion of many substances essential for the body to maintain homeostasis.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter_%28chemistry%29]
[[Category: Chemistry]]