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Created page with 'File:lighterstill.jpgright|frame *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1606] ==Definition== *1:a. a sudden breaking off or...'
[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Placental_abruption_-_Version_2.jpg|right|frame]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1606]
==Definition==
*1:a. a sudden breaking off or away
:b a detachment of portions from a larger mass <placental abruption>
==Description==
Placental '''abruption''' (also known as ''abruptio placentae'') is a complication of [[pregnancy]], wherein the placental lining has separated from the [[uterus]] of the [[mother]]. It is the most common pathological cause of late pregnancy bleeding. In [[humans]], it refers to the abnormal [[separation]] after 20 weeks of [[gestation]] and prior to [[birth]]. It occurs in 1% of pregnancies worldwide. Placental abruption is a significant contributor to maternal mortality worldwide; early and skilled medical [[intervention]] is needed to ensure a good outcome, and this is not available in many parts of the world. Treatment depends on how serious the abruption is and how far along the woman is in her [[pregnancy]].
Placental abruption has [[effects]] on both [[mother]] and [[fetus]]. The effects on the mother depend primarily on the severity of the abruption, while the effects on the fetus depend on both its severity and the gestational age at which it occurs. The [[heart]] rate of the fetus can be associated with the severity.
==Effects==
:On the mother:
*A large loss of [[blood]] or hemorrhage may require blood transfusions and intensive care after delivery. 'APH weakens for PPH to kill'.
*The [[uterus]] may not contract properly after delivery so the mother may need [[medication]] to help her uterus contract.
*The mother may have [[problems]] with blood clotting for a few days.
*If the mother's blood does not clot (particularly during a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarean_section caesarean section]) and too many transfusions could put the mother into [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disseminated_intravascular_coagulation disseminated intravascular coagulation] (DIC) due to increased [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboplastin thromboplastin], the doctor may consider a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysterectomy hysterectomy].
*A severe case of shock may affect other organs, such as the liver, kidney, and pituitary gland. Diffuse cortical necrosis in the kidney is a serious and often fatal complication.
*In some cases where the abruption is high up in the uterus, or is slight, there is no bleeding, though extreme [[pain]] is felt and reported.
:On the baby:
*If a large amount of the [[placenta]] separates from the uterus, the baby will probably be in distress until delivery and may die ''in utero'', thus resulting in a stillbirth.
*The baby may be premature and need to be placed in the newborn intensive care unit. He or she might have problems with [[breathing]] and feeding.
*If the baby is in distress in the uterus, he or she may have a low level of oxygen in the [[blood]] after [[birth]].
*The newborn may have low blood pressure or a low blood count.
*If the separation is severe enough, the baby could suffer [[brain]] damage or die before or shortly after [[birth]].
*The newborn may have [[learning]] issues at later development [[stages]], often requiring professional pedagogical aid.
==Prevention==
Although the [[risk]] of ''placental abruption'' cannot be eliminated, it can be reduced. Avoiding tobacco, alcohol and cocaine during [[pregnancy]] decreases the risk. Staying away from activities which have a high risk of physical [[trauma]] is also important. Women who have high blood pressure or who have had a previous placental abruption and want to [[conceive]] must be closely supervised by a doctor.
The risk of placental abruption can be reduced by maintaining a good [[diet]] including taking folic acid, regular [[sleep]] patterns and correction of [[pregnancy]]-induced hypertension.
It is crucial for women to be made aware of the signs of placental abruption, such as vaginal bleeding, and that if they [[experience]] such [[symptoms]] they must get into contact with their health care provider/the hospital without any [[delay]].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruption]
[[Category: Physiology]]
[[Category: Health]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1606]
==Definition==
*1:a. a sudden breaking off or away
:b a detachment of portions from a larger mass <placental abruption>
==Description==
Placental '''abruption''' (also known as ''abruptio placentae'') is a complication of [[pregnancy]], wherein the placental lining has separated from the [[uterus]] of the [[mother]]. It is the most common pathological cause of late pregnancy bleeding. In [[humans]], it refers to the abnormal [[separation]] after 20 weeks of [[gestation]] and prior to [[birth]]. It occurs in 1% of pregnancies worldwide. Placental abruption is a significant contributor to maternal mortality worldwide; early and skilled medical [[intervention]] is needed to ensure a good outcome, and this is not available in many parts of the world. Treatment depends on how serious the abruption is and how far along the woman is in her [[pregnancy]].
Placental abruption has [[effects]] on both [[mother]] and [[fetus]]. The effects on the mother depend primarily on the severity of the abruption, while the effects on the fetus depend on both its severity and the gestational age at which it occurs. The [[heart]] rate of the fetus can be associated with the severity.
==Effects==
:On the mother:
*A large loss of [[blood]] or hemorrhage may require blood transfusions and intensive care after delivery. 'APH weakens for PPH to kill'.
*The [[uterus]] may not contract properly after delivery so the mother may need [[medication]] to help her uterus contract.
*The mother may have [[problems]] with blood clotting for a few days.
*If the mother's blood does not clot (particularly during a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarean_section caesarean section]) and too many transfusions could put the mother into [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disseminated_intravascular_coagulation disseminated intravascular coagulation] (DIC) due to increased [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboplastin thromboplastin], the doctor may consider a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysterectomy hysterectomy].
*A severe case of shock may affect other organs, such as the liver, kidney, and pituitary gland. Diffuse cortical necrosis in the kidney is a serious and often fatal complication.
*In some cases where the abruption is high up in the uterus, or is slight, there is no bleeding, though extreme [[pain]] is felt and reported.
:On the baby:
*If a large amount of the [[placenta]] separates from the uterus, the baby will probably be in distress until delivery and may die ''in utero'', thus resulting in a stillbirth.
*The baby may be premature and need to be placed in the newborn intensive care unit. He or she might have problems with [[breathing]] and feeding.
*If the baby is in distress in the uterus, he or she may have a low level of oxygen in the [[blood]] after [[birth]].
*The newborn may have low blood pressure or a low blood count.
*If the separation is severe enough, the baby could suffer [[brain]] damage or die before or shortly after [[birth]].
*The newborn may have [[learning]] issues at later development [[stages]], often requiring professional pedagogical aid.
==Prevention==
Although the [[risk]] of ''placental abruption'' cannot be eliminated, it can be reduced. Avoiding tobacco, alcohol and cocaine during [[pregnancy]] decreases the risk. Staying away from activities which have a high risk of physical [[trauma]] is also important. Women who have high blood pressure or who have had a previous placental abruption and want to [[conceive]] must be closely supervised by a doctor.
The risk of placental abruption can be reduced by maintaining a good [[diet]] including taking folic acid, regular [[sleep]] patterns and correction of [[pregnancy]]-induced hypertension.
It is crucial for women to be made aware of the signs of placental abruption, such as vaginal bleeding, and that if they [[experience]] such [[symptoms]] they must get into contact with their health care provider/the hospital without any [[delay]].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruption]
[[Category: Physiology]]
[[Category: Health]]