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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1802]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1802]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1: being or consisting of [[documents]] : contained or certified in [[writing]] <documentary [[evidence]]>

*1: being or consisting of [[documents]] : contained or certified in [[writing]] <documentary [[evidence]]>

'''Documentary''' [[films]] constitute a broad category of nonfictional motion pictures intended to [[document]] some aspect of [[reality]], primarily for the [[purposes]] of instruction or maintaining a [[historical]] [[record]]. A 'documentary film' was originally shot on film stock — the only medium available — but now includes video and digital productions that can be either direct-to-video, made as a television program or released for screening in cinemas. "Documentary" has been [[described]] as a "filmmaking [[practice]], a cinematic [[tradition]], and mode of audience [[reception]]" that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries.

'''Documentary''' [[films]] constitute a broad category of nonfictional motion pictures intended to [[document]] some aspect of [[reality]], primarily for the [[purposes]] of instruction or maintaining a [[historical]] [[record]]. A 'documentary film' was originally shot on film stock — the only medium available — but now includes video and digital productions that can be either direct-to-video, made as a television program or released for screening in cinemas. "Documentary" has been [[described]] as a "filmmaking [[practice]], a cinematic [[tradition]], and mode of audience [[reception]]" that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries.

In popular [[myth]], the [[word]] 'documentary' was coined by Scottish documentarian [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Grierson John Grierson] in his review of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Flaherty Robert Flaherty]'s film ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moana_(film) Moana]'' (1926), published in the New York Sun on 8 February 1926, written by "The Moviegoer" (a pen name for Grierson).

In popular [[myth]], the [[word]] 'documentary' was coined by Scottish documentarian [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Grierson John Grierson] in his review of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Flaherty Robert Flaherty]'s film ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moana_(film) Moana]'' (1926), published in the New York Sun on 8 February 1926, written by "The Moviegoer" (a pen name for Grierson).

Grierson's principles of documentary were that cinema's [[potential]] for [[observing]] [[life]] could be exploited in a new art form; that the "original" actor and "original" scene are better [[guides]] than their [[fiction]] [[counterparts]] to interpreting the [[modern]] world; and that materials "thus taken from the raw" can be more real than the acted article. In this regard, Grierson's definition of documentary as "[[creative]] treatment of [[actuality]]" has gained some acceptance, with this position at variance with Soviet film-maker [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziga_Vertov Dziga Vertov]'s provocation to present "life as it is" (that is, life filmed surreptitiously) and "life caught unawares" (life provoked or surprised by the camera).

Grierson's principles of documentary were that cinema's [[potential]] for [[observing]] [[life]] could be exploited in a new art form; that the "original" actor and "original" scene are better [[guides]] than their [[fiction]] [[counterparts]] to interpreting the [[modern]] world; and that materials "thus taken from the raw" can be more real than the acted article. In this regard, Grierson's definition of documentary as "[[creative]] treatment of [[actuality]]" has gained some acceptance, with this position at variance with Soviet film-maker [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziga_Vertov Dziga Vertov]'s provocation to present "life as it is" (that is, life filmed surreptitiously) and "life caught unawares" (life provoked or surprised by the camera).

The American film critic [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pare_Lorentz Pare Lorentz] defines a documentary film as "a [[factual]] film which is [[dramatic]]." Others further state that a documentary stands out from the other types of non-fiction films for providing an [[opinion]], and a specific [[message]], along with the [[facts]] it presents.

The American film critic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pare_Lorentz Pare Lorentz] defines a documentary film as "a [[factual]] film which is [[dramatic]]." Others further state that a documentary stands out from the other types of non-fiction films for providing an [[opinion]], and a specific [[message]], along with the [[facts]] it presents.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentary_Practice Documentary Practice] is the complex [[process]] of creating documentary projects. It refers to what people do with [[media]] devices, [[content]], [[form]], and production [[strategies]] in order to address the [[creative]], [[ethical]], and conceptual [[problems]] and choices that arise as they make documentaries.

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentary_Practice Documentary Practice] is the complex [[process]] of creating documentary projects. It refers to what people do with [[media]] devices, [[content]], [[form]], and production [[strategies]] in order to address the [[creative]], [[ethical]], and conceptual [[problems]] and choices that arise as they make documentaries.

There are clear [[connections]] in terms of practice with magazine and newspaper feature-writing and indeed to non-fiction literature. Many of the generic forms of documentary, for example the biopic or profile; or the observational piece. These [[generic]] forms are explored on the [http://journalism.winchester.ac.uk/?page=299 University of Winchester Journalism Department] 'features web' where 'long form journalism' is classified by [[genre]] or [[content]], rather than in terms of production as film, radio or 'print'.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentary#cite_ref-7]

There are clear [[connections]] in terms of practice with magazine and newspaper feature-writing and indeed to non-fiction literature. Many of the generic forms of documentary, for example the biopic or profile; or the observational piece. These [[generic]] forms are explored on the [https://journalism.winchester.ac.uk/?page=299 University of Winchester Journalism Department] 'features web' where 'long form journalism' is classified by [[genre]] or [[content]], rather than in terms of production as film, radio or 'print'.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentary#cite_ref-7]

[[Category: Film]]

[[Category: Film]]