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==Origin and development==

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The word ''monotheism'' is derived from the Greek μόνος [~~http~~://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2368642 Monos] meaning "single" and θεός [~~http~~://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2348292 Theos] meaning "God". The compound μονοθεισμός is current only in Modern Greek. There is a single attestation of μονόθεον in a Byzantine hymn (''Canones Junii'' 20.6.43; A. Acconcia Longo and G. Schirò, ''Analecta hymnica graeca, vol. 11 e codicibus eruta Italiae inferioris''. Rome: Istituto di Studi Bizantini e Neoellenici. Università di Roma, 1978) The English term was first used by [[Henry More]].

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The word ''monotheism'' is derived from the Greek μόνος [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2368642 Monos] meaning "single" and θεός [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2348292 Theos] meaning "God". The compound μονοθεισμός is current only in Modern Greek. There is a single attestation of μονόθεον in a Byzantine hymn (''Canones Junii'' 20.6.43; A. Acconcia Longo and G. Schirò, ''Analecta hymnica graeca, vol. 11 e codicibus eruta Italiae inferioris''. Rome: Istituto di Studi Bizantini e Neoellenici. Università di Roma, 1978) The English term was first used by [[Henry More]].

The first monotheist in [[history]] seems to be the penultimate Hyksos King of Avaris, named Apophis, who took Sutheck (Set) to be his sole [[deity]], and enforced this god on the population by means of banning worship of all other gods, and allowing the sacred animals of the Egyptians to be killed. Following the second intermediate period, [[Akhnaton]] replicated the monotheism of Apothis but with the [[Aten]] disk as the one-god of monotheism.

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A strictly literal interpretation of Deuteronomy 4:39 excludes the possibility of henotheism. The verse states: "Know this day, and take it to heart, that the LORD is God in heaven above and on earth below; there is none else." If one were to view that Deuteronomy is a late addition to the Five Books of Moses, this would reflect the later adoption of monotheism. However, if Deuteronomy is taken to be part of the original text, as it generally is among those who use it as scripture, this would indicate that the monotheistic concept existed from the time the Torah was composed.

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In the west, the [[Hebrew Bible]] has been the primary source describing how and when Monotheism was introduced into the Middle East and the west. As believed by followers of some of the Abrahamic religions, it teaches that when [[Abraham]] discovered God ([[Genesis]] Chapters [~~http~~://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=12 12:1-9]

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In the west, the [[Hebrew Bible]] has been the primary source describing how and when Monotheism was introduced into the Middle East and the west. As believed by followers of some of the Abrahamic religions, it teaches that when [[Abraham]] discovered God ([[Genesis]] Chapters [https://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=12 12:1-9]

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[~~http~~://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=13 13:14-18]

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[https://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=13 13:14-18]

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[~~http~~://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=15 15 ]

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[https://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=15 15 ]

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[~~http~~://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=18 18 ] and

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[https://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=18 18 ] and

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[~~http~~://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=22 22 ]),

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[https://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=22 22 ]),

he thus became the world's first Monotheist. According to these, until then, in ancient [[history]] all [[culture]]s believed in a variety of multiple deities such as in idolatry, forces and creatures of [[nature]] as in animism, or in celestial bodies as in [[astrology]], but did not know the one and only true [[God]].

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#God is good.

#God is holy.

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:''...in the study of Hebrew history: Israel's monotheism was an ethical monotheism.'' [~~http~~://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/mono.html Dennis Prager]

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:''...in the study of Hebrew history: Israel's monotheism was an ethical monotheism.'' [https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/mono.html Dennis Prager]

When Moses returned with the [[Ten Commandments]], the second of those stated that "you shall have no other gods before me" ([[Exodus]] 20:3), right after the first, which affirmed the existence of God. Furthermore, Israelites recite the [[Shema Yisrael]] ("Hear O' Israel") which partly says, "Hear, O' Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one." Monotheism was and is the central tenet of the Israelite and the [[Judaism|Jewish religion]].

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Christians believe in one God. Historically, most Christian churches have taught that the nature of God is a mystery; something that must be revealed by perosnal revelation rather than deduced through general revelation. Among Early Christians there was considerable debate over the nature of Godhead, with some factions arguing for the [[deity]] of Jesus and others calling for a unitarian conception of God. These issues of [[Christology]] were to form one of the main subjects of contention at the First Council of Nicea.

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The '''First Council of Nicaea''', held in Nicaea in Bithynia (in present-day Turkey), convoked by the Roman Emperor [[Constantine I in 325, was the first ecumenical council (''Ecumenical'', from oikoumenikos, literally meaning worldwide but generally assumed to be limited to the Roman Empire as in Augustus' claim to be ruler of the oikoumene/world; the earliest extant uses of the term for a council are Eusebius' ''Life of Constantine'' 3.6[~~http~~://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/eusebius/vc/gr/index.htm] around 338 "σύνοδον οἰκουμενικὴν συνεκρότει" (he convoked an Ecumenical council), Athanasius' Ad Afros Epistola Synodica in 369[~~http~~://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2819.htm], and the Letter in 382 to Pope Damasus I and the Latin bishops from the First Council of Constantinople[~~http~~://www.ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF2-14/Npnf2-14-63.htm#TopOfPage] conference of bishops of the Christian Church, and most significantly resulted in the first uniform Christian doctrine, called the Nicene Creed. With the creation of the creed, a precedent was established for subsequent 'general (ecumenical) councils of Bishops' (Synods) to create statements of belief and [[canons]] of doctrinal orthodoxy the intent being to define unity of beliefs for the whole of Christendom.

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The '''First Council of Nicaea''', held in Nicaea in Bithynia (in present-day Turkey), convoked by the Roman Emperor [[Constantine I in 325, was the first ecumenical council (''Ecumenical'', from oikoumenikos, literally meaning worldwide but generally assumed to be limited to the Roman Empire as in Augustus' claim to be ruler of the oikoumene/world; the earliest extant uses of the term for a council are Eusebius' ''Life of Constantine'' 3.6[https://khazarzar.skeptik.net/books/eusebius/vc/gr/index.htm] around 338 "σύνοδον οἰκουμενικὴν συνεκρότει" (he convoked an Ecumenical council), Athanasius' Ad Afros Epistola Synodica in 369[https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2819.htm], and the Letter in 382 to Pope Damasus I and the Latin bishops from the First Council of Constantinople[https://www.ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF2-14/Npnf2-14-63.htm#TopOfPage] conference of bishops of the Christian Church, and most significantly resulted in the first uniform Christian doctrine, called the Nicene Creed. With the creation of the creed, a precedent was established for subsequent 'general (ecumenical) councils of Bishops' (Synods) to create statements of belief and [[canons]] of doctrinal orthodoxy the intent being to define unity of beliefs for the whole of Christendom.

The purpose of the council was to resolve disagreements in the Church of Alexandria over the nature of [[Jesus]] in relationship to the Father; in particular, whether Jesus was of the same substance as God the Father or merely of similar substance. St. Alexander of Alexandria and [[Athanasius]] took the first position; the popular presbyter [[Arius]], from whom the term Arianism comes, took the second. The council decided against the Arians overwhelmingly (of the estimated 250-318 attendees, all but 2 voting against Arius.

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[[Tawhid]] constitutes the foremost article of the Muslim profession. To attribute divinity to a created entity is the only unpardonable sin mentioned in the [[Qur'an]]. [[Muslim]]s believe that the entirety of the Islamic teaching rests on the principle of Tawhid ( Oneness of God ).

===Bahá'í view===

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The Oneness of God is one of the core teachings of the [[Bahá'í Faith]]. Bahá'ís believe that there is one supernatural being, God, who has created all existence. God is described as "a [[personal]] God, unknowable, inaccessible, the source of all [[Revelation]], eternal, omniscient, omnipresent and almighty."[~~http~~://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/gpb-9.html#gr26]

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The Oneness of God is one of the core teachings of the [[Bahá'í Faith]]. Bahá'ís believe that there is one supernatural being, God, who has created all existence. God is described as "a [[personal]] God, unknowable, inaccessible, the source of all [[Revelation]], eternal, omniscient, omnipresent and almighty."[https://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/gpb-9.html#gr26]

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Bahá'ís believe that although people have different concepts of God and his nature, and call him by different names, everyone is speaking of the same entity. God is taught to be a personal God in that God is conscious of his creation and has a [[mind]], will and purpose. At the same time the Bahá'í teachings state that God is too great for humans to fully understand him or to create a complete and accurate image of him. [[Bahá'u'lláh]] teaches that human [[knowledge]] of God is limited to those attributes and qualities which are understandable to us, and thus direct knowledge about the essence of God is not possible. Bahá'ís believe, thus, that through daily prayer, meditation, and study of revealed [[text]] they can grow closer to God. The obligatory prayers in the Bahá'í Faith involve explicit monotheistic testimony.[~~http~~://bahai-library.com/?file=momen_short_introduction_bahais]

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Bahá'ís believe that although people have different concepts of God and his nature, and call him by different names, everyone is speaking of the same entity. God is taught to be a personal God in that God is conscious of his creation and has a [[mind]], will and purpose. At the same time the Bahá'í teachings state that God is too great for humans to fully understand him or to create a complete and accurate image of him. [[Bahá'u'lláh]] teaches that human [[knowledge]] of God is limited to those attributes and qualities which are understandable to us, and thus direct knowledge about the essence of God is not possible. Bahá'ís believe, thus, that through daily prayer, meditation, and study of revealed [[text]] they can grow closer to God. The obligatory prayers in the Bahá'í Faith involve explicit monotheistic testimony.[https://bahai-library.com/?file=momen_short_introduction_bahais]

==Eastern religions==

===Hinduism===

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In [[Hinduism]], views are broad and range from monism, pantheism to [[panentheism]] – alternatively called monistic theism by some scholars – to monotheism. [[Advaita]]s, rather than entirely in keeping with essential monotheism, claims to possess the religious truth of monism. There exist many different Hindu sects devoted to different avatars, it is understood that each is really either [[Vishnu]] or [[Shiva]]. Furthermore, the [[Brahma Samhita]] states that Vishnu is like milk and Shiva is yogurt.[~~http~~://vedabase.net/bs/5/45/en Śrī Brahma-saḿhitā 5.45] Several other personal forms of God are elaborated in the Puranas as divine descents, aspects, incarnations, or manifestations of Brahman, the transcendent and immanent reality. All [[Upanishads]] teach that there is a supreme Absolute Reality, [[Brahman]] – the Infinite One, including all that is manifest and unmanifest.

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In [[Hinduism]], views are broad and range from monism, pantheism to [[panentheism]] – alternatively called monistic theism by some scholars – to monotheism. [[Advaita]]s, rather than entirely in keeping with essential monotheism, claims to possess the religious truth of monism. There exist many different Hindu sects devoted to different avatars, it is understood that each is really either [[Vishnu]] or [[Shiva]]. Furthermore, the [[Brahma Samhita]] states that Vishnu is like milk and Shiva is yogurt.[https://vedabase.net/bs/5/45/en Śrī Brahma-saḿhitā 5.45] Several other personal forms of God are elaborated in the Puranas as divine descents, aspects, incarnations, or manifestations of Brahman, the transcendent and immanent reality. All [[Upanishads]] teach that there is a supreme Absolute Reality, [[Brahman]] – the Infinite One, including all that is manifest and unmanifest.

<blockquote>Into deep darkness fall those who follow the immanent. Into deeper darkness fall those who follow the transcendent.

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He who knows the transcendent and the immanent, with the immanent overcomes death, and with the transcendent reaches immortality. ([[Shukla Yajur Veda]], [[Isha Upanishad]] 12-14) [~~http~~://books.google.com/books?id=EWlHPAkjBKUC&pg=PA425&lpg=PA425&dq=monism+in+Vedas&source=web&ots=BEI0Yhu5Je&sig=EO3OhJjtcojCmEzjGURGVVrMscM&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result]

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He who knows the transcendent and the immanent, with the immanent overcomes death, and with the transcendent reaches immortality. ([[Shukla Yajur Veda]], [[Isha Upanishad]] 12-14) [https://books.google.com/books?id=EWlHPAkjBKUC&pg=PA425&lpg=PA425&dq=monism+in+Vedas&source=web&ots=BEI0Yhu5Je&sig=EO3OhJjtcojCmEzjGURGVVrMscM&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result]

ISBN 0945497962</blockquote>

The four major sects of modern Hinduism - Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Shaktism, and Smartism, all believe in one God but differ in their conceptions. [[Smartas]], who follow the [[Advaita]] philosophy of absolute monism, venerate various personal forms of God as merely multiple manifestations of the same divinity, [[Brahman]]. Absolute monists see one unity in all there is, with all conceptions and names of personal deities as no more than different aspects of the [[Supreme Being]], like a single beam of light separated into colors by a prism. Some of the Smarta aspects of God include Devi, Vishnu, Ganesha, and Shiva. It is the Smarta view that dominates the view of Hinduism in the West. Smartas are followers of Advaita who can select an "Ishta-devata" (the chosen personal deity) to be worshiped. In contrast with Smarta/Advaita, this is not the case with other predomninant sects such as [[Vaishnavism]], [[Shaivism]], and Shaktism, which follow an established singular concept of God, as [[Panentheism|panentheistic]] monistic monotheism.

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[[Vaishnavism]] is one of the earliest implicit manifestations of monotheism in the traditions of Vedas. ''[[Svayam Bhagavan]]'' is a Sanskrit term for the original deity of the Supreme God worshiped across many traditions of the Vaishnavism, the monotheistic absolute deity. This term is often applied to [[Krishna]] in some branches of Vaishnavism.[~~http~~://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0279(197401%2F03)94%3A1%3C96%3ATBOVC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E]

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[[Vaishnavism]] is one of the earliest implicit manifestations of monotheism in the traditions of Vedas. ''[[Svayam Bhagavan]]'' is a Sanskrit term for the original deity of the Supreme God worshiped across many traditions of the Vaishnavism, the monotheistic absolute deity. This term is often applied to [[Krishna]] in some branches of Vaishnavism.[https://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0279(197401%2F03)94%3A1%3C96%3ATBOVC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E]

All Hindu scriptures ([[Vedas]], [[Upanishads]], and the [[Bhagavad Gita]]) ultimately stress the oneness of the Absolute Reality and describe God as the Eternal Truth that is unborn, immortal, omniscient, omnipotent, and omnipresent. Many scholars interpret verses as either pantheistic monism (like in Advaita) or panentheistic monism (all other schools of thought). [[Pramana]] or epistemological dialectics are put forth by various philosophical schools of Hinduism with their views on monism and God's omnipresence.

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"The One Truth, sages know by many names" ([[Rig Veda 1]].164.46)

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[~~http~~://www.vedavid.org/1sb/1.164c.html Rig Veda: A Metrically Restored Text with an Introduction and Notes, HOS, 1994]

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[https://www.vedavid.org/1sb/1.164c.html Rig Veda: A Metrically Restored Text with an Introduction and Notes, HOS, 1994]

"When at first the unborn sprung into being, He won His own dominion beyond which nothing higher has been in existence" ([[Atharva Veda]] 10.7.31)

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[~~http~~://www.vedah.com/org2/literature/atharva_veda/spritual_hymns.html Atharva Veda: Spiritual & Philosophical Hymns]

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[https://www.vedah.com/org2/literature/atharva_veda/spritual_hymns.html Atharva Veda: Spiritual & Philosophical Hymns]

"There is none to compare with Him. There is no parallel to Him, whose glory, verily, is great." ([[Yajur Veda]] 32.3)

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[~~http~~://www.vedah.com/org2/literature/yajur_veda/the_transcendent.html Shukla Yajur Veda: The transcendental "That"]

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[https://www.vedah.com/org2/literature/yajur_veda/the_transcendent.html Shukla Yajur Veda: The transcendental "That"]

The number of auspicious qualities of God are countless, with the following six qualities being the most important:

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*''Bala'' (Strength), which is the capacity to support everything by will and without any fatigue

*''Vīrya'' (Vigor), which indicates the power to retain immateriality as the supreme being in spite of being the material cause of mutable creations

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*''Tejas'' (Splendor), which expresses His self-sufficiency and the capacity to overpower everything by His spiritual effulgence [~~http~~://books.google.com/books?id=Q_VtAAAACAAJ]

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*''Tejas'' (Splendor), which expresses His self-sufficiency and the capacity to overpower everything by His spiritual effulgence [https://books.google.com/books?id=Q_VtAAAACAAJ]

The Nyaya school of Hinduism has made several arguments regarding a monotheistic view. The Naiyanikas have given an argument that such a God can only be one. In the ''Nyaya Kusumanjali'', this is discussed against the proposition of the Mimamsa school that let us assume there were many demigods devas) and sages (rishis) in the beginning, who wrote the Vedas and created the world. Nyaya says that:

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# Theos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus

# The compound μονοθεισμός is current only in Modern Greek. There is a single attestation of μονόθεον in a Byzantine hymn (Canones Junii 20.6.43; A. Acconcia Longo and G. Schirò, Analecta hymnica graeca, vol. 11 e codicibus eruta Italiae inferioris. Rome: Istituto di Studi Bizantini e Neoellenici. Università di Roma, 1978)

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# [~~http~~://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Monotheism "Monotheism". Catholic Encyclopedia]

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# [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Monotheism "Monotheism". Catholic Encyclopedia]

# R.G.Vincent, "Monotheism (in the Bible)" in New Catholic Encyclopedia, (1967), 9:1066.

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# [~~http~~://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=12 Chapter 12]

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# [https://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=12 Chapter 12]

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# [~~http~~://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=13 Chapter 13]

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# [https://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=13 Chapter 13]

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# [~~http~~://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=15 Chapter 14]

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# [https://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=15 Chapter 14]

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# [~~http~~://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=18 Chapter 15]

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# [https://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=18 Chapter 15]

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# [~~http~~://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=22 Chapter 22]

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# [https://bible.ort.org/books/pentd2.asp?ACTION=displaypage&BOOK=1&CHAPTER=22 Chapter 22]

# Ecumenical, from Koine Greek oikoumenikos, literally meaning worldwide but generally assumed to be limited to the Roman Empire as in Augustus' claim to be ruler of the oikoumene/world; the earliest extant uses of the term for a council are Eusebius' Life of Constantine 3.6[1] around 338 "σύνοδον οἰκουμενικὴν συνεκρότει" (he convoked an Ecumenical council), Athanasius' Ad Afros Epistola Synodica in 369[2], and the Letter in 382 to Pope Damasus I and the Latin bishops from the First Council of Constantinople[3]

# Louis Berkhof, Systematic Theology, page 87

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# D. Gimaret, Tawhid, Encyclopedia of Islam

# Ramadan (2005), p.230

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# Effendi, Shoghi (1944). [~~http~~://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/gpb-9.html#gr26 God Passes By]. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. p. 139. ISBN 0877430209. .

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# Effendi, Shoghi (1944). [https://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/gpb-9.html#gr26 God Passes By]. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. p. 139. ISBN 0877430209. .

# Smith, P. (1999). A Concise Encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 1851681841.

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# Momen, M. (1997). [~~http~~://bahai-library.com/?file=momen_short_introduction_bahais A Short Introduction to the Bahá'í Faith]. Oxford, UK: One World Publications. ISBN 1851682090. .

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# Momen, M. (1997). [https://bahai-library.com/?file=momen_short_introduction_bahais A Short Introduction to the Bahá'í Faith]. Oxford, UK: One World Publications. ISBN 1851682090. .

# Śrī Brahma-saḿhitā 5.45

# Sivaya Subramuniyaswami (2004). Dancing with Siva: Hinduism's Contemporary Catechism. Kappa, Hawaii: Himalayan Academy. ISBN 0945497962.

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# Delmonico, N. (2004). "The History Of Indic Monotheism And Modern Chaitanya Vaishnavism". [~~http~~://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&id=mBMxPdgrBhoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA31&dq=Vaisnava+monotheism&ots=r4RVWf2w7X&sig=ml4nbiFNep6SCtqVbOZsCv5s6g0 The Hare Krishna Movement: the Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant]. Retrieved on 12 April 2008.

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# Delmonico, N. (2004). "The History Of Indic Monotheism And Modern Chaitanya Vaishnavism". [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&id=mBMxPdgrBhoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA31&dq=Vaisnava+monotheism&ots=r4RVWf2w7X&sig=ml4nbiFNep6SCtqVbOZsCv5s6g0 The Hare Krishna Movement: the Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant]. Retrieved on 12 April 2008.

# Elkman, S.M.; Gosvami, J. (1986). Jiva Gosvamin's Tattvasandarbha: A Study on the Philosophical and Sectarian Development of the Gaudiya Vaisnava Movement. Motilal Banarsidass Pub.

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# Klostermaier, K. (1974). [~~http~~://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0279(197401%2F03)94%3A1%3C96%3ATBOVC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E "The Bhaktirasamrtasindhubindu of Visvanatha Cakravartin"]. Journal of the American Oriental Society 94 (1): 96–107.

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# Klostermaier, K. (1974). [https://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0279(197401%2F03)94%3A1%3C96%3ATBOVC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E "The Bhaktirasamrtasindhubindu of Visvanatha Cakravartin"]. Journal of the American Oriental Society 94 (1): 96–107.

# Rig Veda: A Metrically Restored Text with an Introduction and Notes, HOS, 1994

# Atharva Veda: Spiritual & Philosophical Hymns

# Shukla Yajur Veda: The transcendental "That"

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# Tapasyananda (1991). [~~http~~://books.google.com/books?id=Q_VtAAAACAAJ Bhakti Schools of Vedānta]. Madras: Sri Ramakrishna Math. ISBN 8171202268.

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# Tapasyananda (1991). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Q_VtAAAACAAJ Bhakti Schools of Vedānta]. Madras: Sri Ramakrishna Math. ISBN 8171202268.

==Further reading==

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*Silberman, Neil A.; and colleagues, Simon and Schuster; (2001) ''The Bible Unearthed'' New York.

*Whitelam, Keith; (1997). ''The Invention of Ancient Israel'', Routledge, New York.

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*Hans Köchler, ''The Concept of Monotheism in Islam and Christianity''. Vienna: Braumüller, 1982. ISBN 3-7003-0339-4 ([~~http~~://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN3700303394&id=zMuipwd5MTEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:3700303394&sig=1c9OhvIyAcsl3rd7KvxhZrpPl1I Google Print])

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*Hans Köchler, ''The Concept of Monotheism in Islam and Christianity''. Vienna: Braumüller, 1982. ISBN 3-7003-0339-4 ([https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN3700303394&id=zMuipwd5MTEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:3700303394&sig=1c9OhvIyAcsl3rd7KvxhZrpPl1I Google Print])

==External links==

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* [~~http~~://plato.stanford.edu/entries/monotheism/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]

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* [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/monotheism/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]

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* [~~http~~://www.christianmonotheism.com/ Christian Monotheism (biblical unitarians)]

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* [https://www.christianmonotheism.com/ Christian Monotheism (biblical unitarians)]

[[Category: Religion]]

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Monotheism (view source)

Revision as of 01:27, 13 December 2020