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Created page with 'File:lighterstill.jpgright|frame ==Etymology== [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middl...'
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==Etymology==
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] forme, from Anglo-French furme, forme, from [[Latin]] forma form, [[beauty]]
*Date: [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_Century 13th century]
==Definitions==
*1 a : the shape and [[structure]] of something as distinguished from its [[material]] b : a [[body]] (as of a [[person]]) especially in its external [[appearance]] or as distinguished from the face : figure c archaic : [[beauty]]
*2 : the [[essential]] [[nature]] of a [[thing]] as distinguished from its [[matter]]: as a : [[idea]] 1a b : the component of a thing that determines its kind
*3 a : established [[method]] of [[expression]] or proceeding : procedure according to rule or rote; also : a [[standard]] or [[expectation]] based on past [[experience]] : precedent <true to form, the champions won again> b : a prescribed and set order of [[words]] : [[formula]] <the form of the marriage service>
*4 : a printed or typed document with blank spaces for insertion of required or requested [[information]] <tax forms>
*5 a (1) : conduct regulated by extraneous [[controls]] (as of [[custom]] or etiquette) : [[ceremony]] (2) : show without substance
:b : [[manner]] or conduct as tested by a prescribed or accepted standard <rudeness is simply bad form>
:c : manner or style of [[performing]] or accomplishing according to recognized standards of [[technique]] <a strong swimmer but weak on form>
*6 a : the resting place or nest of a hare
:b : a long seat : bench
*7 a : a supporting frame [[model]] of the human figure or part (as the torso) of the human figure usually used for displaying apparel :
:b : a proportioned and often adjustable model for fitting clothes
:c : a mold in which concrete is placed to set
8 : the printing type or other matter arranged and secured in a chase ready for printing
9 a : one of the [[different]] modes of [[existence]], [[action]], or [[manifestation]] of a particular [[thing]] or substance : kind <one form of respiratory disorder> <a form of art>
:b : a distinguishable [[group]] of [[organisms]]
:c : linguistic form
:d : one of the different aspects a [[word]] may take as a result of inflection or [[change]] of spelling or pronunciation <verbal forms>
:e : a [[mathematical]] [[expression]] of a particular type <a bilinear form> <a polynomial form>
*10 a (1) : orderly method of arrangement (as in the presentation of ideas) : manner of coordinating elements (as of an artistic production or course of reasoning) (2) : a particular kind or instance of such arrangement <the sonnet is a poetical form>
:b : [[pattern]], schema <arguments of the same logical form>
:c : the structural element, plan, or [[design]] of a [[work]] of [[art]] — compare content 2c
:d : a visible and measurable unit defined by a contour : a bounded [[surface]] or volume
*11 : a grade in a British school or in some American private schools
*12 a (1) : the past performance of a race horse (2) : racing form
:b : known ability to [[perform]] <a singer at the top of her form>
:c : condition suitable for performing (as in athletic competition) <back on form>
==Description (Music)==
The term '''musical form''' is often loosely used to refer to particular musical [[genres]] or styles, which may be determined by factors such as [[harmonic]] [[language]], typical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm rhythms], [[types]] of musical instrument used as well as [[historical]] and geographical [[origins]]. In the vocabulary of art-music, however, it has a more extended [[meaning]], referring to the type of "[[architectural]]" [[structure]] on which the music is built. Scholes (1977) explained musical form as a [[series]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy strategies] [[designed]] to find a successful mean between the [[opposite]] extremes of unrelieved repetition and unrelieved alteration.
Middleton (p. 145) also describes form, presumably after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze Gilles Deleuze]’s ''Difference and Repetition'' (1968, [[translated]] 1994), through repetition and [[difference]]. Difference is the distance moved from a repeat, a repeat being the smallest difference. Difference is [[quantitative]] and [[qualitative]] — how far different and what type of difference.
Musical form may be contrasted with [[content]] (the parts) or with [[surface]] (the detail), but there is no clear line dividing them. "Form covers the shape or [[structure]] of the work, content its substance, [[meaning]], [[ideas]], or [[expressive]] effects" (Middleton 1999). In many cases form depends on [[statement]] and restatement, unity and variety, [[contrast]] and [[connection]].
==Notes==
* DeLone et al. (Eds.) (1975). Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-049346-5.
* Lerdahl, Fred (1992). "Cognitive Constraints on Compositional Systems", Contemporary Music Review 6 (2), pp. 97-121.
* Richard Middleton. "Form", in Horner, Bruce and Swiss, Thomas, eds. (1999) Key Terms in Popular Music and Culture. Malden, Massachusetts. ISBN 0-631-21263-9.
* Stewart Macpherson. Form in Music (New and Revised Edition, 1930, Joseph Williams, London).
* Percy A. Scholes (1977). The Oxford Companion to Music, 10th Edition, OUP. Article: Form.
* Alfred Mann (1958). The Study of Fugue, W.W.Norton and Co. Inc.
[[Category: The Arts]]
[[Category: Languages and Literature]]
==Etymology==
[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] forme, from Anglo-French furme, forme, from [[Latin]] forma form, [[beauty]]
*Date: [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_Century 13th century]
==Definitions==
*1 a : the shape and [[structure]] of something as distinguished from its [[material]] b : a [[body]] (as of a [[person]]) especially in its external [[appearance]] or as distinguished from the face : figure c archaic : [[beauty]]
*2 : the [[essential]] [[nature]] of a [[thing]] as distinguished from its [[matter]]: as a : [[idea]] 1a b : the component of a thing that determines its kind
*3 a : established [[method]] of [[expression]] or proceeding : procedure according to rule or rote; also : a [[standard]] or [[expectation]] based on past [[experience]] : precedent <true to form, the champions won again> b : a prescribed and set order of [[words]] : [[formula]] <the form of the marriage service>
*4 : a printed or typed document with blank spaces for insertion of required or requested [[information]] <tax forms>
*5 a (1) : conduct regulated by extraneous [[controls]] (as of [[custom]] or etiquette) : [[ceremony]] (2) : show without substance
:b : [[manner]] or conduct as tested by a prescribed or accepted standard <rudeness is simply bad form>
:c : manner or style of [[performing]] or accomplishing according to recognized standards of [[technique]] <a strong swimmer but weak on form>
*6 a : the resting place or nest of a hare
:b : a long seat : bench
*7 a : a supporting frame [[model]] of the human figure or part (as the torso) of the human figure usually used for displaying apparel :
:b : a proportioned and often adjustable model for fitting clothes
:c : a mold in which concrete is placed to set
8 : the printing type or other matter arranged and secured in a chase ready for printing
9 a : one of the [[different]] modes of [[existence]], [[action]], or [[manifestation]] of a particular [[thing]] or substance : kind <one form of respiratory disorder> <a form of art>
:b : a distinguishable [[group]] of [[organisms]]
:c : linguistic form
:d : one of the different aspects a [[word]] may take as a result of inflection or [[change]] of spelling or pronunciation <verbal forms>
:e : a [[mathematical]] [[expression]] of a particular type <a bilinear form> <a polynomial form>
*10 a (1) : orderly method of arrangement (as in the presentation of ideas) : manner of coordinating elements (as of an artistic production or course of reasoning) (2) : a particular kind or instance of such arrangement <the sonnet is a poetical form>
:b : [[pattern]], schema <arguments of the same logical form>
:c : the structural element, plan, or [[design]] of a [[work]] of [[art]] — compare content 2c
:d : a visible and measurable unit defined by a contour : a bounded [[surface]] or volume
*11 : a grade in a British school or in some American private schools
*12 a (1) : the past performance of a race horse (2) : racing form
:b : known ability to [[perform]] <a singer at the top of her form>
:c : condition suitable for performing (as in athletic competition) <back on form>
==Description (Music)==
The term '''musical form''' is often loosely used to refer to particular musical [[genres]] or styles, which may be determined by factors such as [[harmonic]] [[language]], typical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm rhythms], [[types]] of musical instrument used as well as [[historical]] and geographical [[origins]]. In the vocabulary of art-music, however, it has a more extended [[meaning]], referring to the type of "[[architectural]]" [[structure]] on which the music is built. Scholes (1977) explained musical form as a [[series]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy strategies] [[designed]] to find a successful mean between the [[opposite]] extremes of unrelieved repetition and unrelieved alteration.
Middleton (p. 145) also describes form, presumably after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze Gilles Deleuze]’s ''Difference and Repetition'' (1968, [[translated]] 1994), through repetition and [[difference]]. Difference is the distance moved from a repeat, a repeat being the smallest difference. Difference is [[quantitative]] and [[qualitative]] — how far different and what type of difference.
Musical form may be contrasted with [[content]] (the parts) or with [[surface]] (the detail), but there is no clear line dividing them. "Form covers the shape or [[structure]] of the work, content its substance, [[meaning]], [[ideas]], or [[expressive]] effects" (Middleton 1999). In many cases form depends on [[statement]] and restatement, unity and variety, [[contrast]] and [[connection]].
==Notes==
* DeLone et al. (Eds.) (1975). Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-049346-5.
* Lerdahl, Fred (1992). "Cognitive Constraints on Compositional Systems", Contemporary Music Review 6 (2), pp. 97-121.
* Richard Middleton. "Form", in Horner, Bruce and Swiss, Thomas, eds. (1999) Key Terms in Popular Music and Culture. Malden, Massachusetts. ISBN 0-631-21263-9.
* Stewart Macpherson. Form in Music (New and Revised Edition, 1930, Joseph Williams, London).
* Percy A. Scholes (1977). The Oxford Companion to Music, 10th Edition, OUP. Article: Form.
* Alfred Mann (1958). The Study of Fugue, W.W.Norton and Co. Inc.
[[Category: The Arts]]
[[Category: Languages and Literature]]