Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

New Latin, from [[Greek]] ''myōpia'', from ''myōp''-, ''myōps''

New Latin, from [[Greek]] ''myōpia'', from ''myōp''-, ''myōps''

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century 1752]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century 1752]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1: a condition in which the [[visual]] images come to a [[focus]] in front of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina retina] of the eye resulting especially in defective [[vision]] of distant objects

*1: a condition in which the [[visual]] images come to a [[focus]] in front of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina retina] of the eye resulting especially in defective [[vision]] of distant objects

*2: a lack of [[foresight]] or [[discernment]] : a narrow view of something  

*2: a lack of [[foresight]] or [[discernment]] : a narrow view of something  

==Description==

==Description==

'''Myopia''' ([[Greek]]: μυωπία, muōpia, from myein "to shut" – ops (gen. opos) "eye"), commonly known as being ''nearsighted'' (American English) and ''shortsighted'' (British English), is a condition of the eye where the [[light]] that comes in does not directly [[focus]] on the retina but in front of it. This causes the image that one sees when looking at a distant object to be out of focus, but in focus when looking at a close object.

'''Myopia''' ([[Greek]]: μυωπία, muōpia, from myein "to shut" – ops (gen. opos) "eye"), commonly known as being ''nearsighted'' (American English) and ''shortsighted'' (British English), is a condition of the eye where the [[light]] that comes in does not directly [[focus]] on the retina but in front of it. This causes the image that one sees when looking at a distant object to be out of focus, but in focus when looking at a close object.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_care_professional Eye care professionals] most commonly correct [[myopia]] through the use of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrective_lens corrective lenses], such as glasses or contact lenses. It may also be corrected by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_surgery refractive surgery], though there are cases of associated side effects. The corrective lenses have a negative optical power (i.e. have a net concave effect) which compensates for the excessive positive [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diopter diopters] of the myopic eye.

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_care_professional Eye care professionals] most commonly correct [[myopia]] through the use of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrective_lens corrective lenses], such as glasses or contact lenses. It may also be corrected by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_surgery refractive surgery], though there are cases of associated side effects. The corrective lenses have a negative optical power (i.e. have a net concave effect) which compensates for the excessive positive [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diopter diopters] of the myopic eye.

The global prevalence of refractive errors has been estimated from 800 million to 2.3 billion. The incidence of myopia within sampled [[population]] often varies with age, [[Nation|country]], sex, race, [[ethnicity]], occupation, [[environment]], and other factors. Variability in testing and [[data]] collection [[methods]] makes comparisons of prevalence and progression difficult.

The global prevalence of refractive errors has been estimated from 800 million to 2.3 billion. The incidence of myopia within sampled [[population]] often varies with age, [[Nation|country]], sex, race, [[ethnicity]], occupation, [[environment]], and other factors. Variability in testing and [[data]] collection [[methods]] makes comparisons of prevalence and progression difficult.

The prevalence of myopia has been reported as high as 70–90% in some Asian countries, 30–40% in Europe and the United States, and 10–20% in Africa. Myopia is less common in African people and associated diaspora. In Americans between the ages of 12 and 54, myopia has been found to affect African Americans less than Caucasians.

The prevalence of myopia has been reported as high as 70–90% in some Asian countries, 30–40% in Europe and the United States, and 10–20% in Africa. Myopia is less common in African people and associated diaspora. In Americans between the ages of 12 and 54, myopia has been found to affect African Americans less than Caucasians.

==As a Metaphor==

==As a Metaphor==

The terms "myopia" and "myopic" (or the common terms "shortsightedness" or "shortsighted", respectively) have been used [[metaphorically]] to refer to cognitive [[thinking]] and [[decision]] making that is narrow in scope or lacking in foresight or in concern for wider interests or for longer-term [[consequences]]. It is often used to describe a [[decision]] that may be beneficial in the present, but detrimental in the future, or a viewpoint that fails to consider anything outside a very narrow and [[limited]] range. '''''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperopia Hyperopia]''''', the biological opposite of myopia, may also be used metaphorically for a [[value]] system or [[motivation]] that exhibits "farsighted" or possibly [[visionary]] [[thinking]] and behavior; that is, emphasizing long-term interests at the apparent expense of near-term benefit.

The terms "myopia" and "myopic" (or the common terms "shortsightedness" or "shortsighted", respectively) have been used [[metaphorically]] to refer to cognitive [[thinking]] and [[decision]] making that is narrow in scope or lacking in foresight or in concern for wider interests or for longer-term [[consequences]]. It is often used to describe a [[decision]] that may be beneficial in the present, but detrimental in the future, or a viewpoint that fails to consider anything outside a very narrow and [[limited]] range. '''''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperopia Hyperopia]''''', the biological opposite of myopia, may also be used metaphorically for a [[value]] system or [[motivation]] that exhibits "farsighted" or possibly [[visionary]] [[thinking]] and behavior; that is, emphasizing long-term interests at the apparent expense of near-term benefit.

[[Category: Physiology]]

[[Category: Physiology]]

[[Category: Biology]]

[[Category: Biology]]