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| [[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Sagrada-familia-a-moon.jpg|right|frame]] | | [[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Sagrada-familia-a-moon.jpg|right|frame]] |
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− | *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century 14th Century] | + | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century 14th Century] |
| ==Definitions== | | ==Definitions== |
| *1: of, relating to, or containing a ''cathedra'' (a bishop's [[throne]]) | | *1: of, relating to, or containing a ''cathedra'' (a bishop's [[throne]]) |
| *2: [[emanating]] from a chair of [[authority]] | | *2: [[emanating]] from a chair of [[authority]] |
| ==Description== | | ==Description== |
− | A '''cathedral''' (French ''cathédrale'' from [[Latin]]. ''cathedra'', "seat" from the [[Greek]] ''kathedra'' (καθέδρα), seat, bench, from ''kata'' "down" + ''hedra'' seat, base, chair) is a Christian [[church]] which contains the seat of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese diocese], conference, or episcopate. Although the word "cathedral" is sometimes loosely applied, churches with the [[function]] of "cathedral" occur specifically and only in those denominations with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church Roman Catholic], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicanism Anglican], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Christian Orthodox], and some Lutheran and Methodist churches. In the Greek Orthodox Church, the terms ''kathedrikos naos'' ([[literally]]: "cathedral [[shrine]]") is sometimes used for the church at which an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop archbishop] or "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop metropolitan]" presides. The term "metropolis" (literally "mother city") is used more commonly than "diocese" to signify an area of governance within the church. | + | A '''cathedral''' (French ''cathédrale'' from [[Latin]]. ''cathedra'', "seat" from the [[Greek]] ''kathedra'' (καθέδρα), seat, bench, from ''kata'' "down" + ''hedra'' seat, base, chair) is a Christian [[church]] which contains the seat of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese diocese], conference, or episcopate. Although the word "cathedral" is sometimes loosely applied, churches with the [[function]] of "cathedral" occur specifically and only in those denominations with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church Roman Catholic], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicanism Anglican], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Christian Orthodox], and some Lutheran and Methodist churches. In the Greek Orthodox Church, the terms ''kathedrikos naos'' ([[literally]]: "cathedral [[shrine]]") is sometimes used for the church at which an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop archbishop] or "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop metropolitan]" presides. The term "metropolis" (literally "mother city") is used more commonly than "diocese" to signify an area of governance within the church. |
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− | There are certain variations on the use of the term "''cathedral''"; for example, some [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation pre-Reformation] cathedrals in Scotland now within the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Scotland Church of Scotland] still retain the term , despite that church's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterianism Presbyterian] polity that does not have bishops. The same occurs in Germany, where Protestant churches (many with a presbyterian or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregational congregational] polity) co-operate under an umbrella organisation, the Evangelical Church in Germany, with some retaining ''cathedrals'' or using the term as a merely honorary title and function, void of any [[hierarchical]] supremacy. As cathedrals are often particularly impressive edifices, the term "cathedral" is often applied colloquially to any large and impressive [[church]], regardless of whether it functions as a ''cathedral'', such as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_Cathedral Crystal Cathedral] in California or figuratively to imply that a church is of outstanding [[beauty]] such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_John_the_Baptist,_Tideswell St John the Baptist, Tideswell], known as the "Cathedral of the Peak". | + | There are certain variations on the use of the term "''cathedral''"; for example, some [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation pre-Reformation] cathedrals in Scotland now within the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Scotland Church of Scotland] still retain the term , despite that church's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterianism Presbyterian] polity that does not have bishops. The same occurs in Germany, where Protestant churches (many with a presbyterian or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregational congregational] polity) co-operate under an umbrella organisation, the Evangelical Church in Germany, with some retaining ''cathedrals'' or using the term as a merely honorary title and function, void of any [[hierarchical]] supremacy. As cathedrals are often particularly impressive edifices, the term "cathedral" is often applied colloquially to any large and impressive [[church]], regardless of whether it functions as a ''cathedral'', such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_Cathedral Crystal Cathedral] in California or figuratively to imply that a church is of outstanding [[beauty]] such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_John_the_Baptist,_Tideswell St John the Baptist, Tideswell], known as the "Cathedral of the Peak". |
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− | Several cathedrals in Europe, such as that of Strasbourg, Essen, Freiburg i.B., and in England at York, Lincoln and Southwell, are referred to as "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minster_(cathedral) Minster]" (German: ''Münster'') churches, from Latin ''monasterium'', because the establishments were served by canons living in community or may have been an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey abbey], prior to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation Reformation]. The other kind of great church in Western Europe is the abbey. | + | Several cathedrals in Europe, such as that of Strasbourg, Essen, Freiburg i.B., and in England at York, Lincoln and Southwell, are referred to as "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minster_(cathedral) Minster]" (German: ''Münster'') churches, from Latin ''monasterium'', because the establishments were served by canons living in community or may have been an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey abbey], prior to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation Reformation]. The other kind of great church in Western Europe is the abbey. |
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| [[Category: Architecture]] | | [[Category: Architecture]] |
| [[Category: Religion]] | | [[Category: Religion]] |