Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

[[Latin]] ''parodia'', from [[Greek]] ''parōidia'', from ''para''- + ''aidein'' to [[sing]]

[[Latin]] ''parodia'', from [[Greek]] ''parōidia'', from ''para''- + ''aidein'' to [[sing]]

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1598]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1598]

According to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle Aristotle] (''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetics_(Aristotle) Poetics]'', ii. 5), [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegemon_of_Thasos Hegemon of Thasos] was the inventor of a kind of ''parody''; by slightly altering the wording in well-known [[poems]] he [[transformed]] the [[sublime]] into the [[ridiculous]]. In ancient [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_literature Greek literature], a ''parodia'' was a narrative poem imitating the style and prosody of [[epics]] "but treating light, satirical or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mock-heroic mock-heroic] subjects". Indeed, the apparent [[Greek]] [[roots]] of the word are para- (which can mean beside, counter, or against) and -ode ([[song]], as in an ode). Thus, the original Greek word ''parodia'' has sometimes been taken to mean counter-song, an [[imitation]] that is set against the original. The [[Oxford English Dictionary]], for example, defines parody as imitation "turned as to produce a ridiculous effect". Because par- also has the non-antagonistic [[meaning]] of beside, "there is nothing in ''parodia'' to necessitate the inclusion of a concept of ridickule".

According to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle Aristotle] (''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetics_(Aristotle) Poetics]'', ii. 5), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegemon_of_Thasos Hegemon of Thasos] was the inventor of a kind of ''parody''; by slightly altering the wording in well-known [[poems]] he [[transformed]] the [[sublime]] into the [[ridiculous]]. In ancient [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_literature Greek literature], a ''parodia'' was a narrative poem imitating the style and prosody of [[epics]] "but treating light, satirical or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mock-heroic mock-heroic] subjects". Indeed, the apparent [[Greek]] [[roots]] of the word are para- (which can mean beside, counter, or against) and -ode ([[song]], as in an ode). Thus, the original Greek word ''parodia'' has sometimes been taken to mean counter-song, an [[imitation]] that is set against the original. The [[Oxford English Dictionary]], for example, defines parody as imitation "turned as to produce a ridiculous effect". Because par- also has the non-antagonistic [[meaning]] of beside, "there is nothing in ''parodia'' to necessitate the inclusion of a concept of ridickule".

[[Roman]] writers explained ''parody'' as an [[imitation]] of one [[poet]] by another for [[humorous]] effect. In French [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_literature Neoclassical literature], parody was also a type of poem where one work [[imitates]] the style of another to produce a humorous effect. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece Ancient Greece] made [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyr satyr] plays which parodied [[tragic]] plays. People that were in the plays dressed up like satyrs which were followers of most [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympian_gods Olympian gods] such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysus Dionysus] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermes Hermes].

[[Roman]] writers explained ''parody'' as an [[imitation]] of one [[poet]] by another for [[humorous]] effect. In French [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_literature Neoclassical literature], parody was also a type of poem where one work [[imitates]] the style of another to produce a humorous effect. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece Ancient Greece] made [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyr satyr] plays which parodied [[tragic]] plays. People that were in the plays dressed up like satyrs which were followers of most [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympian_gods Olympian gods] such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysus Dionysus] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermes Hermes].

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1: a [[literary]] or [[musical]] work in which the style of an [[author]] or work is closely [[imitated]] for [[comic]] effect or in [[ridicule]]

*1: a [[literary]] or [[musical]] work in which the style of an [[author]] or work is closely [[imitated]] for [[comic]] effect or in [[ridicule]]

*2: a feeble or ridiculous [[imitation]]   

*2: a feeble or ridiculous [[imitation]]   

==Description==

==Description==

A '''parody''' also called ''spoof'', send-up or ''lampoon''), in current use, is an imitative work created to mock, comment on or trivialise an original work, its subject, [[author]], style, or some other target, by means of [[satiric]] or [[ironic]] imitation. As the literary theorist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Hutcheon Linda Hutcheon] puts it, "parody … is imitation, not always at the expense of the parodied [[text]]." Another critic, Simon Dentith, defines parody as "any cultural [[practice]] which provides a relatively [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polemic polemical] allusive imitation of another cultural production or practice." Parody may be found in [[art]] or [[culture]], including literature, music (although "parody" in music has an earlier, somewhat different [[meaning]] than for other art forms), animation, gaming and film.

A '''parody''' also called ''spoof'', send-up or ''lampoon''), in current use, is an imitative work created to mock, comment on or trivialise an original work, its subject, [[author]], style, or some other target, by means of [[satiric]] or [[ironic]] imitation. As the literary theorist [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Hutcheon Linda Hutcheon] puts it, "parody … is imitation, not always at the expense of the parodied [[text]]." Another critic, Simon Dentith, defines parody as "any cultural [[practice]] which provides a relatively [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polemic polemical] allusive imitation of another cultural production or practice." Parody may be found in [[art]] or [[culture]], including literature, music (although "parody" in music has an earlier, somewhat different [[meaning]] than for other art forms), animation, gaming and film.

The writer and critic [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gross John Gross] observes in his ''Oxford Book of Parodies'', that ''parody'' seems to flourish on territory somewhere between [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastiche pastiche] ("a composition in another artist's [[manner]], without satirical [[intent]]") and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesque burlesque] (which "fools around with the material of high literature and [[adapts]] it to low ends"). Historically, when a [[formula]] grows tired, like in the case of moralistic [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodrama melodramas] in the 1910s, it retains value only as a parody, as in the case of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buster_Keaton Buster Keaton] shorts that mocked it.

The writer and critic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gross John Gross] observes in his ''Oxford Book of Parodies'', that ''parody'' seems to flourish on territory somewhere between [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastiche pastiche] ("a composition in another artist's [[manner]], without satirical [[intent]]") and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlesque burlesque] (which "fools around with the material of high literature and [[adapts]] it to low ends"). Historically, when a [[formula]] grows tired, like in the case of moralistic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodrama melodramas] in the 1910s, it retains value only as a parody, as in the case of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buster_Keaton Buster Keaton] shorts that mocked it.

In his 1960 anthology of parody from the 14th through 20th centuries, critic [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Macdonald Dwight Macdonald] offered the general definition "Parody is making a new wine that tastes like the old but has a slightly lethal effect." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parody]

In his 1960 anthology of parody from the 14th through 20th centuries, critic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Macdonald Dwight Macdonald] offered the general definition "Parody is making a new wine that tastes like the old but has a slightly lethal effect." [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parody]

[[Category: Languages and Literature]]

[[Category: Languages and Literature]]