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'''Social sustainability''' is the least defined and least understood of the different ways of approaching [[sustainability]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development sustainable development]. Social sustainability has had considerably less attention in public dialogue than economic and environmental sustainability.

'''Social sustainability''' is the least defined and least understood of the different ways of approaching [[sustainability]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development sustainable development]. Social sustainability has had considerably less attention in public dialogue than economic and environmental sustainability.

There are two main approaches to social sustainability. The first, which posits a triad of environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and social sustainability. It is the most widely accepted as a model for addressing sustainability. The concept of "social sustainability" in this approach encompasses such topics as: social [[equity]], livability, health equity, community development, social capital, social support, human rights, labor rights, placemaking, social responsibility, social [[justice]], cultural competence, community resilience, and human [[adaptation]].

There are two main approaches to social sustainability. The first, which posits a triad of environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and social sustainability. It is the most widely accepted as a model for addressing sustainability. The concept of "social sustainability" in this approach encompasses such topics as: social [[equity]], livability, health equity, community development, social capital, social support, human rights, labor rights, placemaking, social responsibility, social [[justice]], cultural competence, community resilience, and human [[adaptation]].

A second, more recent, approach suggests that all of the domains of sustainability are social: including ecological, economic, political and cultural sustainability. These domains of social sustainability are all dependent upon the [[relationship]] between the social and the natural, with the "ecological domain" defined as human embeddedness in the environment. In these terms, social sustainability encompasses all human activities. It is not just relevant to the focused intersection of [[economics]], the environment and the social. (See the Venn diagram and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circles_of_Sustainability Circles of Sustainability] diagram).

A second, more recent, approach suggests that all of the domains of sustainability are social: including ecological, economic, political and cultural sustainability. These domains of social sustainability are all dependent upon the [[relationship]] between the social and the natural, with the "ecological domain" defined as human embeddedness in the environment. In these terms, social sustainability encompasses all human activities. It is not just relevant to the focused intersection of [[economics]], the environment and the social. (See the Venn diagram and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circles_of_Sustainability Circles of Sustainability] diagram).

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

According to the Western Australia Council of Social Services (WACOSS) [http://auspsa.anu.edu.au/proceedings/publications/Partridgepaper.pdf 1]: "Social sustainability occurs when the formal and informal processes; systems; structures; and relationships actively support the capacity of current and future generations to create healthy and liveable communities. Socially sustainable communities are equitable, diverse, connected and democratic and provide a good quality of life."

According to the Western Australia Council of Social Services (WACOSS) [https://auspsa.anu.edu.au/proceedings/publications/Partridgepaper.pdf 1]: "Social sustainability occurs when the formal and informal processes; systems; structures; and relationships actively support the capacity of current and future generations to create healthy and liveable communities. Socially sustainable communities are equitable, diverse, connected and democratic and provide a good quality of life."

Another definition has been developed by [http://www.social-life.co/ Social Life], a UK-based social enterprise specialising in place based innovation (originally set up by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Foundation Young Foundation]). For Social Life, social sustainability is "a process for creating sustainable, successful places that promote wellbeing, by understanding what people need from the places they live and work. Social sustainability combines design of the physical realm with design of the social world – infrastructure to support social and cultural life, social amenities, systems for citizen engagement and space for people and places to evolve."

Another definition has been developed by [https://www.social-life.co/ Social Life], a UK-based social enterprise specialising in place based innovation (originally set up by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Foundation Young Foundation]). For Social Life, social sustainability is "a process for creating sustainable, successful places that promote wellbeing, by understanding what people need from the places they live and work. Social sustainability combines design of the physical realm with design of the social world – infrastructure to support social and cultural life, social amenities, systems for citizen engagement and space for people and places to evolve."

==Dimensions==

==Dimensions==

Social Life have developed a [http://www.social-life.co/publication/Social-Sustainability/ framework for social sustainability] which has four dimensions: amenities and infrastructure, social and cultural life, voice and influence, and space to grow.[4]

Social Life have developed a [https://www.social-life.co/publication/Social-Sustainability/ framework for social sustainability] which has four dimensions: amenities and infrastructure, social and cultural life, voice and influence, and space to grow.[4]

Nobel Laureat Amartya Sen gives the following dimensions for social sustainability [http://integral-sustainability.net/wp-content/uploads/sas4-2-hodgson.pdf 2]:

Nobel Laureat Amartya Sen gives the following dimensions for social sustainability [https://integral-sustainability.net/wp-content/uploads/sas4-2-hodgson.pdf 2]:

*'''[[Equity]]''' - the community provides equitable opportunities and outcomes for all its members, particularly the poorest and most vulnerable members of the community

*'''[[Equity]]''' - the community provides equitable opportunities and outcomes for all its members, particularly the poorest and most vulnerable members of the community

* Hicks, 1997 D.A. Hicks, The inequality-adjusted human development index: a constructive proposal, World Development 25 (8) (1997), pp. 1283–1298.

* Hicks, 1997 D.A. Hicks, The inequality-adjusted human development index: a constructive proposal, World Development 25 (8) (1997), pp. 1283–1298.

* Hinterberger, F., et al. (1999) Sustainable Human Development Index. A suggestion for Greening the UN Indicator of Social and Economic Welfare, Wuppertal Institute, Wuppertal.

* Hinterberger, F., et al. (1999) Sustainable Human Development Index. A suggestion for Greening the UN Indicator of Social and Economic Welfare, Wuppertal Institute, Wuppertal.

*Paul James, James A. Thom, Lin Padgham, Sarah Hickmott, Hepu Deng, Felicity Cahill, [http://www.academia.edu/4362669 Reframing social sustainability reporting: Towards an engaged approach]  

*Paul James, James A. Thom, Lin Padgham, Sarah Hickmott, Hepu Deng, Felicity Cahill, [https://www.academia.edu/4362669 Reframing social sustainability reporting: Towards an engaged approach]  

* [http://www.academia.edu/5178539 Measuring Social Sustainability: A Community-Centred Approach]

* [https://www.academia.edu/5178539 Measuring Social Sustainability: A Community-Centred Approach]

* Woodcraft, S., et all (2012) Design for Social Sustainability, Social LIfe, London.

* Woodcraft, S., et all (2012) Design for Social Sustainability, Social LIfe, London.

* Partridge, E. (2005)‘Social sustainability’: a useful theoretical framework? Paper presented at the Australasian Political Science Association Annual Conference 2005, Dunedin, New Zealand, 28–30 September 2005

* Partridge, E. (2005)‘Social sustainability’: a useful theoretical framework? Paper presented at the Australasian Political Science Association Annual Conference 2005, Dunedin, New Zealand, 28–30 September 2005

* World Bank (1992) World Development Report 1992: Development and the Environment, Oxford University Press, New York.

* World Bank (1992) World Development Report 1992: Development and the Environment, Oxford University Press, New York.

* World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) Our Common Future, Oxford University Press, Great Britain.

* World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) Our Common Future, Oxford University Press, Great Britain.

* World Economic Forum (2002) Environmental Sustainability Index, Columbia University [http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/indicators/ESI].

* World Economic Forum (2002) Environmental Sustainability Index, Columbia University [https://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/indicators/ESI].

==See also==

==See also==

==External Links==

==External Links==

* [http://www.fiepr.org.br/adr/uploadAddress/Anand_Human%20development%20and%20Economis%20sustainability.pdf Anand, S. and Sen, A.K. (2000) ‘Human development and economic sustainability’, World Development, 28(12), pp. 2029–2049.] [broken link]

* [https://www.fiepr.org.br/adr/uploadAddress/Anand_Human%20development%20and%20Economis%20sustainability.pdf Anand, S. and Sen, A.K. (2000) ‘Human development and economic sustainability’, World Development, 28(12), pp. 2029–2049.] [broken link]

* [http://host.uniroma3.it/dipartimenti/economia/pdf/WP41.pdf Costantini, V., Monni, S., (2004) "Measuring Human and Sustainable Development: An integrated approach for European Countries", Working paper n. 41, Department of Economics, Roma Tre University,]

* [https://host.uniroma3.it/dipartimenti/economia/pdf/WP41.pdf Costantini, V., Monni, S., (2004) "Measuring Human and Sustainable Development: An integrated approach for European Countries", Working paper n. 41, Department of Economics, Roma Tre University,]

* [http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec1131/index.htm Sustainable Human Development - University of Pittsburgh]

* [https://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec1131/index.htm Sustainable Human Development - University of Pittsburgh]

* [http://www.undp.org/ UNDP]

* [https://www.undp.org/ UNDP]

* [http://mirror.undp.org/magnet/policy/ UNDP, Governance for sustainable human development, "A UNDP policy document" January 1997] [broken link]

* [https://mirror.undp.org/magnet/policy/ UNDP, Governance for sustainable human development, "A UNDP policy document" January 1997] [broken link]

* [http://hurilink.org/tools/UNDP_integrating_hr.pdf UNDP, Integrating human rights with sustainable human development, "A UNDP policy document"]

* [https://hurilink.org/tools/UNDP_integrating_hr.pdf UNDP, Integrating human rights with sustainable human development, "A UNDP policy document"]

* [http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/36495 Unplanned Urban Growth and its Effect on the Sustainability]  Discoli, Carlos; Martini, Irene. Scientific & Academic Publishing - Resources and Environment; vol. 2, no. 3.  ISSN: 2163-2618.

* [https://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/36495 Unplanned Urban Growth and its Effect on the Sustainability]  Discoli, Carlos; Martini, Irene. Scientific & Academic Publishing - Resources and Environment; vol. 2, no. 3.  ISSN: 2163-2618.

[[Category: Sociology]]

[[Category: Sociology]]

[[Category: Economics]]

[[Category: Economics]]