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41:3.1 There are upward of two thousand brilliant [[suns]] pouring forth [[light]] and [[energy]] in [[Satania]], and your own sun is an average blazing orb. Of the thirty [[suns]] nearest yours, only three are brighter. The [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#PAPER_29:_THE_UNIVERSE_POWER_DIRECTORS Universe Power Directors] [[initiate]] the specialized currents of [[energy]] which [[play]] between the [[individual]] [[stars]] and their respective [[Solar System|systems]]. These solar furnaces, together with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_holes dark giants] of space, serve the [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS power centers] and [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS physical controllers] as way stations for the [[effective]] [[concentrating]] and directionizing of the [[energy]] [[circuits]] of the [[material]] [[creations]].

41:3.1 There are upward of two thousand brilliant [[suns]] pouring forth [[light]] and [[energy]] in [[Satania]], and your own sun is an average blazing orb. Of the thirty [[suns]] nearest yours, only three are brighter. The [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#PAPER_29:_THE_UNIVERSE_POWER_DIRECTORS Universe Power Directors] [[initiate]] the specialized currents of [[energy]] which [[play]] between the [[individual]] [[stars]] and their respective [[Solar System|systems]]. These solar furnaces, together with the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_holes dark giants] of space, serve the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:2._THE_SUPREME_POWER_CENTERS power centers] and [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_29#29:4._THE_MASTER_PHYSICAL_CONTROLLERS physical controllers] as way stations for the [[effective]] [[concentrating]] and directionizing of the [[energy]] [[circuits]] of the [[material]] [[creations]].

41:3.2 The [[suns]] of [[Nebadon]] are not unlike those of other [[universes]]. The [[material]] [[composition]] of all [[suns]], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_holes dark islands][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_star_%28Newtonian_mechanics%29], [[planets]], and [[satellites]], even [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteors meteors], is quite identical. These [[suns]] have an [[average]] [[diameter]] of about one million miles, that of your own solar [[orb]] being slightly less. The largest [[star]] in the [[universe]], the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud stellar cloud] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antares Antares], is four hundred and fifty times the diameter of your sun and is sixty million times its volume. But there is [[abundant]] [[space]] to accommodate all of these enormous [[suns]]. They have just as much [[comparative]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium elbow room] in [[space]] as one dozen oranges would have if they were [[circulating]] about throughout the interior of [[Urantia]], and were the [[planet]] a hollow globe.

41:3.2 The [[suns]] of [[Nebadon]] are not unlike those of other [[universes]]. The [[material]] [[composition]] of all [[suns]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_holes dark islands][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_star_%28Newtonian_mechanics%29], [[planets]], and [[satellites]], even [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteors meteors], is quite identical. These [[suns]] have an [[average]] [[diameter]] of about one million miles, that of your own solar [[orb]] being slightly less. The largest [[star]] in the [[universe]], the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloud stellar cloud] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antares Antares], is four hundred and fifty times the diameter of your sun and is sixty million times its volume. But there is [[abundant]] [[space]] to accommodate all of these enormous [[suns]]. They have just as much [[comparative]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium elbow room] in [[space]] as one dozen oranges would have if they were [[circulating]] about throughout the interior of [[Urantia]], and were the [[planet]] a hollow globe.

41:3.3 When [[suns]] that are too large are thrown off a [[nebular]] mother wheel, they soon break up or form [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double stars]. All suns are [[originally]] truly [[gaseous]], though they may later [[transiently]] exist in a semiliquid state. When your [[sun]] [[attained]] this quasi-liquid state of supergas pressure, it was not sufficiently large to split [[equator]]ially, this being one [[type]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double star] formation.

41:3.3 When [[suns]] that are too large are thrown off a [[nebular]] mother wheel, they soon break up or form [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double stars]. All suns are [[originally]] truly [[gaseous]], though they may later [[transiently]] exist in a semiliquid state. When your [[sun]] [[attained]] this quasi-liquid state of supergas pressure, it was not sufficiently large to split [[equator]]ially, this being one [[type]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double star] formation.

41:3.4 When less than one tenth the size of your [[sun]], these fiery [[spheres]] rapidly contract, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics condense], and cool. When upwards of thirty times its size—rather thirty times the gross [[content]] of [[actual]] [[material]]—[[suns]] readily split into two separate [[bodies]], either becoming the [[centers]] of new [[Solar System|systems]] or else remaining in each other's [[gravity]] grasp and revolving about a common center as one type of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double star].

41:3.4 When less than one tenth the size of your [[sun]], these fiery [[spheres]] rapidly contract, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics condense], and cool. When upwards of thirty times its size—rather thirty times the gross [[content]] of [[actual]] [[material]]—[[suns]] readily split into two separate [[bodies]], either becoming the [[centers]] of new [[Solar System|systems]] or else remaining in each other's [[gravity]] grasp and revolving about a common center as one type of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double star].

41:3.5 The most recent of the major [[cosmic]] eruptions in [[Orvonton]] was the extraordinary [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double star] explosion, the [[light]] of which reached [[Urantia]] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1572 A.D. 1572]. This [[conflagration]] was so [[intense]] that the explosion was clearly [[visible]] in broad daylight.

41:3.5 The most recent of the major [[cosmic]] eruptions in [[Orvonton]] was the extraordinary [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double star] explosion, the [[light]] of which reached [[Urantia]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1572 A.D. 1572]. This [[conflagration]] was so [[intense]] that the explosion was clearly [[visible]] in broad daylight.

41:3.6 Not all [[stars]] are [[solid]], but many of the older ones are. Some of the reddish, faintly glimmering [[stars]] have acquired a [[density]] at the [[center]] of their enormous [[mass]]es which would be [[expressed]] by saying that one cubic inch of such a [[star]], if on [[Urantia]], would weigh six thousand pounds[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion#Gravitational_confinement]. The enormous [[pressure]], accompanied by loss of [[heat]] and [[circulating]] [[energy]], has resulted in bringing the [[orbits]] of the basic [[material]] [[units]] closer and closer [[together]] until they now closely approach the [[status]] of electronic [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics condensation]. This [[process]] of cooling and contraction may continue to the limiting and critical explosion point of [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_42#6._ULTIMATONS.2C_ELECTRONS.2C_AND_ATOMS ultimatonic] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics condensation].

41:3.6 Not all [[stars]] are [[solid]], but many of the older ones are. Some of the reddish, faintly glimmering [[stars]] have acquired a [[density]] at the [[center]] of their enormous [[mass]]es which would be [[expressed]] by saying that one cubic inch of such a [[star]], if on [[Urantia]], would weigh six thousand pounds[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion#Gravitational_confinement]. The enormous [[pressure]], accompanied by loss of [[heat]] and [[circulating]] [[energy]], has resulted in bringing the [[orbits]] of the basic [[material]] [[units]] closer and closer [[together]] until they now closely approach the [[status]] of electronic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics condensation]. This [[process]] of cooling and contraction may continue to the limiting and critical explosion point of [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_42#6._ULTIMATONS.2C_ELECTRONS.2C_AND_ATOMS ultimatonic] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics condensation].

41:3.7 Most of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergiants giant suns] are [[relatively]] young; most of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf dwarf stars] are old, but not all. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_star collisional dwarfs] may be very young and may [[glow]] with an [[intense]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf white light], never having known an initial red stage of youthful shining. Both very young and very old [[suns]] usually shine with a reddish [[glow]]. The yellow tinge indicates moderate youth or approaching old age, but the brilliant white light signifies robust and extended adult life.

41:3.7 Most of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergiants giant suns] are [[relatively]] young; most of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_dwarf dwarf stars] are old, but not all. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_star collisional dwarfs] may be very young and may [[glow]] with an [[intense]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf white light], never having known an initial red stage of youthful shining. Both very young and very old [[suns]] usually shine with a reddish [[glow]]. The yellow tinge indicates moderate youth or approaching old age, but the brilliant white light signifies robust and extended adult life.

41:3.8 While all adolescent suns do not pass through a pulsating stage, at least not visibly, when looking out into [[space]] you may [[observe]] many of these younger stars whose gigantic [[respiratory]] heaves require from two to seven days to complete a [[cycle]]. Your own [[sun]] still carries a diminishing [[legacy]] of the mighty upswellings of its younger days, but the period has lengthened from the former three and one-half day pulsations to the present eleven and one-half year [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspot_cycle sunspot cycles].

41:3.8 While all adolescent suns do not pass through a pulsating stage, at least not visibly, when looking out into [[space]] you may [[observe]] many of these younger stars whose gigantic [[respiratory]] heaves require from two to seven days to complete a [[cycle]]. Your own [[sun]] still carries a diminishing [[legacy]] of the mighty upswellings of its younger days, but the period has lengthened from the former three and one-half day pulsations to the present eleven and one-half year [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspot_cycle sunspot cycles].

41:3.9 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_star Stellar variables] have numerous [[origins]]. In some [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double stars] the [[tides]] caused by rapidly changing distances as the two [[bodies]] swing around their orbits also occasion periodic fluctuations of [[light]]. These [[gravity]] variations produce regular and recurrent flares, just as the capture of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteors meteors] by the [[accretion]] of [[energy]]-[[material]] at the [[surface]] would result in a comparatively sudden flash of [[light]] which would speedily recede to [[normal]] brightness for that [[sun]]. Sometimes a sun will capture a stream of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteors meteors] in a line of lessened [[gravity]] [[opposition]], and occasionally collisions [[cause]] stellar flare-ups, but the [[majority]] of such [[phenomena]] are wholly due to internal fluctuations.

41:3.9 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_star Stellar variables] have numerous [[origins]]. In some [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Stars double stars] the [[tides]] caused by rapidly changing distances as the two [[bodies]] swing around their orbits also occasion periodic fluctuations of [[light]]. These [[gravity]] variations produce regular and recurrent flares, just as the capture of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteors meteors] by the [[accretion]] of [[energy]]-[[material]] at the [[surface]] would result in a comparatively sudden flash of [[light]] which would speedily recede to [[normal]] brightness for that [[sun]]. Sometimes a sun will capture a stream of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteors meteors] in a line of lessened [[gravity]] [[opposition]], and occasionally collisions [[cause]] stellar flare-ups, but the [[majority]] of such [[phenomena]] are wholly due to internal fluctuations.

41:3.10 In one group of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_star variable stars] the period of [[light]] fluctuation is directly dependent on [[luminosity]], and [[knowledge]] of this [[fact]] enables [[astronomers]] to utilize such [[suns]] as [[universe]] lighthouses or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cepheid_variable accurate measuring points] for the further [[exploration]] of distant [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cluster star clusters]. By this [[technique]] it is possible to [[measure]] stellar distances most precisely up to more than one million [[light-years]]. Better [[methods]] of [[space]] [[measurement]] and improved [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope telescopic] [[technique]] will sometime more fully disclose the ten grand divisions of the [[superuniverse]] of [[Orvonton]]; you will at least recognize eight of these immense sectors as enormous and fairly [[symmetrical]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cluster star clusters].

41:3.10 In one group of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_star variable stars] the period of [[light]] fluctuation is directly dependent on [[luminosity]], and [[knowledge]] of this [[fact]] enables [[astronomers]] to utilize such [[suns]] as [[universe]] lighthouses or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cepheid_variable accurate measuring points] for the further [[exploration]] of distant [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cluster star clusters]. By this [[technique]] it is possible to [[measure]] stellar distances most precisely up to more than one million [[light-years]]. Better [[methods]] of [[space]] [[measurement]] and improved [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope telescopic] [[technique]] will sometime more fully disclose the ten grand divisions of the [[superuniverse]] of [[Orvonton]]; you will at least recognize eight of these immense sectors as enormous and fairly [[symmetrical]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cluster star clusters].

<center>[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_41 Go to Paper 41]</center>

<center>[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_41 Go to Paper 41]</center>

<center>[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=The_Urantia_Text_-_Contents Go to Table of Contents]</center>

<center>[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=The_Urantia_Text_-_Contents Go to Table of Contents]</center>

[[Category:Paper 41 - Physical Aspects of the Local Universe]]

[[Category:Paper 41 - Physical Aspects of the Local Universe]]