Changes

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61:3.1 [[Land]] elevation and [[sea]] [[segregation]] were slowly changing the world's [[weather]], gradually cooling it, but the [[climate]] was still mild. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoias Sequoias] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnolias magnolias] grew in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland Greenland], but the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropic subtropical] [[plants]] were beginning to migrate southward. By the end of this period these warm-[[climate]] [[plants]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees trees] had largely disappeared from the northern latitudes, their places being taken by more hardy plants and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deciduous deciduous] trees.

61:3.1 [[Land]] elevation and [[sea]] [[segregation]] were slowly changing the world's [[weather]], gradually cooling it, but the [[climate]] was still mild. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoias Sequoias] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnolias magnolias] grew in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland Greenland], but the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropic subtropical] [[plants]] were beginning to migrate southward. By the end of this period these warm-[[climate]] [[plants]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trees trees] had largely disappeared from the northern latitudes, their places being taken by more hardy plants and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deciduous deciduous] trees.

61:3.2 There was a great increase in the varieties of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grass grasses], and the teeth of many [[mammalian]] [[species]] gradually altered to [[conform]] to the present-day grazing type.

61:3.2 There was a great increase in the varieties of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grass grasses], and the teeth of many [[mammalian]] [[species]] gradually altered to [[conform]] to the present-day grazing type.

61:3.3 25,000,000 years ago there was a slight land submergence following the long [[epoch]] of land elevation. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountain Rocky Mountain] region remained highly elevated so that the deposition of [[erosion]] [[material]] continued throughout the lowlands to the east. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierras Sierras] were well re-elevated; in [[fact]], they have been rising ever since. The great [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault four-mile vertical fault(?)] in the California region dates from this time.

61:3.3 25,000,000 years ago there was a slight land submergence following the long [[epoch]] of land elevation. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountain Rocky Mountain] region remained highly elevated so that the deposition of [[erosion]] [[material]] continued throughout the lowlands to the east. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierras Sierras] were well re-elevated; in [[fact]], they have been rising ever since. The great [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault four-mile vertical fault(?)] in the California region dates from this time.

61:3.4 20,000,000 years ago was indeed the golden age of [[mammals]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bering_Strait Bering Strait] land bridge was up, and many [[groups]] of [[animals]] migrated to North America from Asia, including the four-tusked mastodons, short-legged rhinoceroses, and many varieties of the cat family.

61:3.4 20,000,000 years ago was indeed the golden age of [[mammals]]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bering_Strait Bering Strait] land bridge was up, and many [[groups]] of [[animals]] migrated to North America from Asia, including the four-tusked mastodons, short-legged rhinoceroses, and many varieties of the cat family.

61:3.5 The first [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer deer] appeared, and [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America] was soon overrun by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruminant ruminants]—deer, oxen, camels, bison, and several species of rhinoceroses—but the giant pigs, more than six feet tall, became [[extinct]].

61:3.5 The first [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer deer] appeared, and [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America] was soon overrun by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruminant ruminants]—deer, oxen, camels, bison, and several species of rhinoceroses—but the giant pigs, more than six feet tall, became [[extinct]].

61:3.6 The huge [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephants elephants] of this and subsequent periods [[possessed]] large [[brains]] as well as large [[bodies]], and they soon overran the entire world except [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia Australia]. For once the world was [[dominated]] by a huge [[animal]] with a [[brain]] sufficiently large to enable it to carry on. Confronted by the highly [[intelligent]] life of these ages, no [[animal]] the size of an elephant could have [[survived]] unless it had possessed a [[brain]] of large size and superior [[quality]]. In [[intelligence]] and [[adaptation]] the elephant is approached only by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse horse] and is surpassed only by [[man]] himself. Even so, of the fifty [[species]] of elephants in [[existence]] at the opening of this period, only [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephants#Taxonomy_and_evolution  two] have [[survived]].

61:3.6 The huge [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephants elephants] of this and subsequent periods [[possessed]] large [[brains]] as well as large [[bodies]], and they soon overran the entire world except [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia Australia]. For once the world was [[dominated]] by a huge [[animal]] with a [[brain]] sufficiently large to enable it to carry on. Confronted by the highly [[intelligent]] life of these ages, no [[animal]] the size of an elephant could have [[survived]] unless it had possessed a [[brain]] of large size and superior [[quality]]. In [[intelligence]] and [[adaptation]] the elephant is approached only by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse horse] and is surpassed only by [[man]] himself. Even so, of the fifty [[species]] of elephants in [[existence]] at the opening of this period, only [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephants#Taxonomy_and_evolution  two] have [[survived]].

61:3.7 15,000,000 years ago the [[mountain]] regions of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasia Eurasia] were rising, and there was some [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanoes volcanic] activity throughout these regions, but nothing [[comparable]] to the lava flows of the Western Hemisphere. These unsettled conditions prevailed all over the world.

61:3.7 15,000,000 years ago the [[mountain]] regions of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasia Eurasia] were rising, and there was some [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanoes volcanic] activity throughout these regions, but nothing [[comparable]] to the lava flows of the Western Hemisphere. These unsettled conditions prevailed all over the world.

61:3.8 The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait of Gibraltar Strait of Gibraltar] closed, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain Spain] was [[connected]] with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa Africa] by the old land bridge, but the [[Mediterranean]] flowed into the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic Ocean Atlantic] through a narrow [[channel]] which extended across [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Basin_%28geology%29 France], the [[mountain]] peaks and highlands appearing as islands above this ancient sea. Later on, these European seas began to withdraw. Still later, the [[Mediterranean]] was connected with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian Ocean Indian Ocean][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variscan_orogeny], while at the close of this period the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez Suez] region was elevated so that the [[Mediterranean]] became, for a time, an inland salt sea.

61:3.8 The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait of Gibraltar Strait of Gibraltar] closed, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain Spain] was [[connected]] with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa Africa] by the old land bridge, but the [[Mediterranean]] flowed into the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic Ocean Atlantic] through a narrow [[channel]] which extended across [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Basin_%28geology%29 France], the [[mountain]] peaks and highlands appearing as islands above this ancient sea. Later on, these European seas began to withdraw. Still later, the [[Mediterranean]] was connected with the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian Ocean Indian Ocean][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variscan_orogeny], while at the close of this period the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez Suez] region was elevated so that the [[Mediterranean]] became, for a time, an inland salt sea.

61:3.9 The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland Iceland] land bridge submerged, and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean arctic waters] commingled with those of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean Atlantic Ocean]. The Atlantic coast of North America rapidly cooled, but the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast Pacific coast] remained warmer than at present. The great [[ocean]] currents were in [[function]] and affected [[climate]] much as they do today.

61:3.9 The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland Iceland] land bridge submerged, and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean arctic waters] commingled with those of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean Atlantic Ocean]. The Atlantic coast of North America rapidly cooled, but the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast Pacific coast] remained warmer than at present. The great [[ocean]] currents were in [[function]] and affected [[climate]] much as they do today.

61:3.10 [[Mammalian]] life continued to evolve. Enormous herds of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses horses] joined the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camels camels] on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Plains western plains of North America]; this was truly the age of horses as well as of elephants. The horse's [[brain]] is next in [[animal]] [[quality]] to that of the elephant, but in one respect it is decidedly inferior, for the horse never fully overcame the deep-seated [[propensity]] to flee when frightened. The horse lacks the [[emotional]] [[control]] of the elephant, while the elephant is greatly [[handicapped]] by size and lack of [[agility]]. During this period an [[animal]] evolved which was somewhat like both the elephant and the horse, but it was soon destroyed by the rapidly increasing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat cat] family.

61:3.10 [[Mammalian]] life continued to evolve. Enormous herds of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horses horses] joined the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camels camels] on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Plains western plains of North America]; this was truly the age of horses as well as of elephants. The horse's [[brain]] is next in [[animal]] [[quality]] to that of the elephant, but in one respect it is decidedly inferior, for the horse never fully overcame the deep-seated [[propensity]] to flee when frightened. The horse lacks the [[emotional]] [[control]] of the elephant, while the elephant is greatly [[handicapped]] by size and lack of [[agility]]. During this period an [[animal]] evolved which was somewhat like both the elephant and the horse, but it was soon destroyed by the rapidly increasing [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat cat] family.

61:3.11 As [[Urantia]] is entering the so-called "[http://www.horseless.com/ horseless age]," you should pause and [[ponder]] what this [[animal]] meant to your [[ancestors]]. Men first used horses for [[food]], then for [[travel]], and later in [[agriculture]] and [[war]]. The horse has long served [[mankind]] and has played an important part in the [[development]] of [http://books.google.com/books?id=FRFFAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=history+of+the+horse&hl=en&ei=VTMtTMfrN8KC8gafpdiAAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false human civilization][http://archaeology.about.com/od/domestications/qt/horses.htm].

61:3.11 As [[Urantia]] is entering the so-called "[https://www.horseless.com/ horseless age]," you should pause and [[ponder]] what this [[animal]] meant to your [[ancestors]]. Men first used horses for [[food]], then for [[travel]], and later in [[agriculture]] and [[war]]. The horse has long served [[mankind]] and has played an important part in the [[development]] of [https://books.google.com/books?id=FRFFAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=history+of+the+horse&hl=en&ei=VTMtTMfrN8KC8gafpdiAAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false human civilization][https://archaeology.about.com/od/domestications/qt/horses.htm].

61:3.12 The [[biologic]] [[developments]] of this period [[contributed]] much toward the setting of the [[stage]] for the subsequent [[appearance]] of [[man]]. In [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_asia central Asia] the true [[types]] of both the [[primitive]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey monkey] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorilla gorilla] evolved, having a common [[ancestor]], now [[extinct]]. But neither of these [[species]] is concerned in the line of living [[beings]] which were, later on, to become the [[ancestors]] of the [[human]] [[race]].

61:3.12 The [[biologic]] [[developments]] of this period [[contributed]] much toward the setting of the [[stage]] for the subsequent [[appearance]] of [[man]]. In [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_asia central Asia] the true [[types]] of both the [[primitive]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey monkey] and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorilla gorilla] evolved, having a common [[ancestor]], now [[extinct]]. But neither of these [[species]] is concerned in the line of living [[beings]] which were, later on, to become the [[ancestors]] of the [[human]] [[race]].

61:3.13 The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog dog] family was [[represented]] by several [[groups]], notably [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolves wolves] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foxes foxes]; the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat cat] tribe, by panthers and large [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saber-toothed_tigers saber-toothed tigers], the latter first evolving in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America]. The modern cat and dog families increased in numbers all over the world. Weasels, martins, otters, and raccoons thrived and developed throughout the northern latitudes.

61:3.13 The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog dog] family was [[represented]] by several [[groups]], notably [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolves wolves] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foxes foxes]; the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat cat] tribe, by panthers and large [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saber-toothed_tigers saber-toothed tigers], the latter first evolving in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America North America]. The modern cat and dog families increased in numbers all over the world. Weasels, martins, otters, and raccoons thrived and developed throughout the northern latitudes.

61:3.14 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birds Birds] continued to [[evolve]], though few marked [[changes]] occurred. [[Reptiles]] were similar to modern types—snakes, crocodiles, and turtles.

61:3.14 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birds Birds] continued to [[evolve]], though few marked [[changes]] occurred. [[Reptiles]] were similar to modern types—snakes, crocodiles, and turtles.

61:3.15 Thus drew to a close a very [[eventful]] and interesting period of the world's [[history]]. This age of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant elephant] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse horse] is known as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene Miocene].

61:3.15 Thus drew to a close a very [[eventful]] and interesting period of the world's [[history]]. This age of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant elephant] and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse horse] is known as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene Miocene].

<center>[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_61 Go to Paper 61]</center>

<center>[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_61 Go to Paper 61]</center>