Changes

69:3.3 All down through the ages the [[taboos]] have operated to keep [[woman]] strictly in her own field. Man has most selfishly [[chosen]] the more agreeable [[work]], leaving the [[routine]] drudgery to [[woman]]. Man has always been [[ashamed]] to do woman's work, but woman has never shown any reluctance to doing man's [[work]]. But strange to record, both [[men]] and [[women]] have always worked [[together]] in building and furnishing the [[home]].

69:3.3 All down through the ages the [[taboos]] have operated to keep [[woman]] strictly in her own field. Man has most selfishly [[chosen]] the more agreeable [[work]], leaving the [[routine]] drudgery to [[woman]]. Man has always been [[ashamed]] to do woman's work, but woman has never shown any reluctance to doing man's [[work]]. But strange to record, both [[men]] and [[women]] have always worked [[together]] in building and furnishing the [[home]].

    

    

*2. 69:3.4 2. ''Modification consequent upon age and disease''. These [[differences]] determined the next division of [[labor]]. The old men and cripples were early set to work making [[tools]] and weapons. They were later assigned to building [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation irrigation] works.

*2. 69:3.4 2. ''Modification consequent upon age and disease''. These [[differences]] determined the next division of [[labor]]. The old men and cripples were early set to work making [[tools]] and weapons. They were later assigned to building [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation irrigation] works.

    

    

*3. 69:3.5 3. ''Differentiation based on religion''. The [[Shaman|medicine men]] were the first [[human beings]] to be exempted from [[physical]] toil; they were the [[pioneer]] [[professional]] class. The smiths were a small group who [[competed]] with the medicine men as [[magicians]]. Their [[skill]] in [[working]] with [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metals metals] made the people afraid of them. The "white smiths" and the "black smiths" gave [[origin]] to the early [[beliefs]] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Treatise_on_White_Magic white] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_magic black magic]. And this [[belief]] later became involved in the [[superstition]] of [[good]] and [[Evil|bad]] [[ghosts]], good and bad [[spirits]].

*3. 69:3.5 3. ''Differentiation based on religion''. The [[Shaman|medicine men]] were the first [[human beings]] to be exempted from [[physical]] toil; they were the [[pioneer]] [[professional]] class. The smiths were a small group who [[competed]] with the medicine men as [[magicians]]. Their [[skill]] in [[working]] with [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metals metals] made the people afraid of them. The "white smiths" and the "black smiths" gave [[origin]] to the early [[beliefs]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Treatise_on_White_Magic white] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_magic black magic]. And this [[belief]] later became involved in the [[superstition]] of [[good]] and [[Evil|bad]] [[ghosts]], good and bad [[spirits]].

69:3.6 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithing Smiths] were the first [[Secular|nonreligious]] [[group]] to enjoy special [[privileges]]. They were regarded as neutrals during [[war]], and this extra [[leisure]] led to their becoming, as a class, the [[politicians]] of [[primitive]] [[society]]. But through gross [[abuse]] of these [[privileges]] the smiths became [[universally]] hated, and the [[medicine men]] lost no time in fostering hatred for their [[competitors]]. In this first [[contest]] between [[science]] and [[religion]], religion ([[superstition]]) won. After being driven out of the villages, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithing smiths] [[maintained]] the first inns, [[public]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inns lodginghouses], on the outskirts of the settlements.

69:3.6 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithing Smiths] were the first [[Secular|nonreligious]] [[group]] to enjoy special [[privileges]]. They were regarded as neutrals during [[war]], and this extra [[leisure]] led to their becoming, as a class, the [[politicians]] of [[primitive]] [[society]]. But through gross [[abuse]] of these [[privileges]] the smiths became [[universally]] hated, and the [[medicine men]] lost no time in fostering hatred for their [[competitors]]. In this first [[contest]] between [[science]] and [[religion]], religion ([[superstition]]) won. After being driven out of the villages, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithing smiths] [[maintained]] the first inns, [[public]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inns lodginghouses], on the outskirts of the settlements.

    

    

*4. 69:3.7 4. ''Master and slave''. The next [[differentiation]] of [[labor]] grew out of the [[relations]] of the [[conquer]]or to the conquered, and that meant the beginning of [[human]] [[slavery]].

*4. 69:3.7 4. ''Master and slave''. The next [[differentiation]] of [[labor]] grew out of the [[relations]] of the [[conquer]]or to the conquered, and that meant the beginning of [[human]] [[slavery]].

*5. 69:3.8 5. ''Differentiation based on diverse physical and mental endowments''. Further divisions of labor were [[favored]] by the [[inherent]] [[differences]] in men; all [[human]] [[beings]] are not [[born]] [[equal]].

*5. 69:3.8 5. ''Differentiation based on diverse physical and mental endowments''. Further divisions of labor were [[favored]] by the [[inherent]] [[differences]] in men; all [[human]] [[beings]] are not [[born]] [[equal]].

69:3.9 The early specialists in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry industry] were the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint flint] flakers and stonemasons; next came the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithing smiths]. Subsequently [[group]] specialization [[developed]]; whole [[families]] and [[clans]] [[dedicated]] themselves to certain sorts of [[labor]]. The [[origin]] of one of the earliest [[castes]] of [[priests]], apart from the [[tribal]] [[medicine men]], was due to the [[superstitious]] exaltation of a [[family]] of expert [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swords swordmakers].

69:3.9 The early specialists in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry industry] were the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint flint] flakers and stonemasons; next came the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithing smiths]. Subsequently [[group]] specialization [[developed]]; whole [[families]] and [[clans]] [[dedicated]] themselves to certain sorts of [[labor]]. The [[origin]] of one of the earliest [[castes]] of [[priests]], apart from the [[tribal]] [[medicine men]], was due to the [[superstitious]] exaltation of a [[family]] of expert [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swords swordmakers].

69:3.10 The first [[group]] specialists in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry industry] were [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_salt rock salt] exporters and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery potters]. Women made the plain pottery and men the fancy. Among some [[tribes]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewing sewing] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving weaving] were done by [[women]], in others by the [[men]].

69:3.10 The first [[group]] specialists in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry industry] were [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_salt rock salt] exporters and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery potters]. Women made the plain pottery and men the fancy. Among some [[tribes]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewing sewing] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving weaving] were done by [[women]], in others by the [[men]].

69:3.11 The early traders were [[women]]; they were employed as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spies spies], carrying on [[commerce]] as a side line. Presently trade expanded, the women acting as [[intermediaries]]—jobbers. Then came the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant merchant] class, charging a commission, [[profit]], for their [[services]]. [[Growth]] of [[group]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barter barter] [[developed]] into [[commerce]]; and following the exchange of commodities came the exchange of [[skill]]ed [[labor]].

69:3.11 The early traders were [[women]]; they were employed as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spies spies], carrying on [[commerce]] as a side line. Presently trade expanded, the women acting as [[intermediaries]]—jobbers. Then came the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant merchant] class, charging a commission, [[profit]], for their [[services]]. [[Growth]] of [[group]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barter barter] [[developed]] into [[commerce]]; and following the exchange of commodities came the exchange of [[skill]]ed [[labor]].

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[[Category:Paper 69 - Primitive Human Institutions]]

[[Category:Paper 69 - Primitive Human Institutions]]