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70:7.1 [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood Blood] kinship determined the first [[social]] [[groups]]; [[association]] enlarged the kinship clan. Intermarriage was the next step in [[group]] enlargement, and the resultant [[complex]] [[tribe]] was the first true [[political]] [[body]]. The next advance in [[social]] [[development]] was the [[evolution]] of [[religious]] [[cults]] and the [[political]] clubs. These first [[appeared]] as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_societies secret societies] and [[originally]] were wholly [[religious]]; subsequently they became regulative. At first they were [[men]]'s clubs; later [[women]]'s [[groups]] appeared. Presently they became divided into two classes: [[Political|sociopolitical]] and [[Religion|religio-mystical]].

70:7.1 [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood Blood] kinship determined the first [[social]] [[groups]]; [[association]] enlarged the kinship clan. Intermarriage was the next step in [[group]] enlargement, and the resultant [[complex]] [[tribe]] was the first true [[political]] [[body]]. The next advance in [[social]] [[development]] was the [[evolution]] of [[religious]] [[cults]] and the [[political]] clubs. These first [[appeared]] as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_societies secret societies] and [[originally]] were wholly [[religious]]; subsequently they became regulative. At first they were [[men]]'s clubs; later [[women]]'s [[groups]] appeared. Presently they became divided into two classes: [[Political|sociopolitical]] and [[Religion|religio-mystical]].

70:7.2 There were many reasons for the [[secrecy]] of these [[societies]], such as:

70:7.2 There were many reasons for the [[secrecy]] of these [[societies]], such as:

*4. For the enjoyment of some special [[charm]] or [[magic]].

*4. For the enjoyment of some special [[charm]] or [[magic]].

70:7.3 The very [[secrecy]] of these [[societies]] conferred on all members the [[power]] of [[mystery]] over the rest of the [[tribe]]. [[Secrecy]] also appeals to [[vanity]]; the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiate initiates] were the [[social]] [[aristocracy]] of their day. After initiation the boys [[hunted]] with the [[men]]; whereas before they had gathered vegetables with the [[women]]. And it was the [[supreme]] [[humiliation]], a [[tribal]] [[disgrace]], to fail to pass the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puberty puberty] tests and thus be compelled to remain outside the [[men]]'s abode with the [[women]] and [[children]], to be considered effeminate. Besides, noninitiates were not allowed to [[marry]].

70:7.3 The very [[secrecy]] of these [[societies]] conferred on all members the [[power]] of [[mystery]] over the rest of the [[tribe]]. [[Secrecy]] also appeals to [[vanity]]; the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiate initiates] were the [[social]] [[aristocracy]] of their day. After initiation the boys [[hunted]] with the [[men]]; whereas before they had gathered vegetables with the [[women]]. And it was the [[supreme]] [[humiliation]], a [[tribal]] [[disgrace]], to fail to pass the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puberty puberty] tests and thus be compelled to remain outside the [[men]]'s abode with the [[women]] and [[children]], to be considered effeminate. Besides, noninitiates were not allowed to [[marry]].

70:7.4 [[Primitive]] people very early taught their adolescent [[youths]] [[sex]] [[control]]. It became the [[custom]] to take boys away from [[parents]] from puberty to [[marriage]], their [[education]] and [[training]] being intrusted to the [[men]]'s [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_society secret societies]. And one of the chief [[functions]] of these clubs was to keep [[control]] of adolescent young [[men]], thus preventing illegitimate [[children]].

70:7.4 [[Primitive]] people very early taught their adolescent [[youths]] [[sex]] [[control]]. It became the [[custom]] to take boys away from [[parents]] from puberty to [[marriage]], their [[education]] and [[training]] being intrusted to the [[men]]'s [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_society secret societies]. And one of the chief [[functions]] of these clubs was to keep [[control]] of adolescent young [[men]], thus preventing illegitimate [[children]].

70:7.5 Commercialized [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution prostitution] began when these men's clubs paid [[money]] for the use of [[women]] from other [[tribes]]. But the earlier [[groups]] were remarkably free from [[sex]] laxity.

70:7.5 Commercialized [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution prostitution] began when these men's clubs paid [[money]] for the use of [[women]] from other [[tribes]]. But the earlier [[groups]] were remarkably free from [[sex]] laxity.

70:7.6 The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puberty puberty] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiate initiation] [[ceremony]] usually extended over a period of five years. Much self-[[torture]] and [[painful]] cutting entered into these [[ceremonies]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumcision Circumcision] was first [[practiced]] as a [[rite]] of initiation into one of these [[secret]] fraternities. The [[tribal]] marks were cut on the [[body]] as a part of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puberty puberty] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiate initiation]; the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo tattoo] originated as such a badge of membership. Such [[torture]], together with much privation, was designed to harden these [[youths]], to impress them with the [[reality]] of life and its [[inevitable]] hardships. This [[purpose]] is better accomplished by the later appearing [[athletic]] [[games]] and [[physical]] [[contests]].

70:7.6 The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puberty puberty] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiate initiation] [[ceremony]] usually extended over a period of five years. Much self-[[torture]] and [[painful]] cutting entered into these [[ceremonies]]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumcision Circumcision] was first [[practiced]] as a [[rite]] of initiation into one of these [[secret]] fraternities. The [[tribal]] marks were cut on the [[body]] as a part of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puberty puberty] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiate initiation]; the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo tattoo] originated as such a badge of membership. Such [[torture]], together with much privation, was designed to harden these [[youths]], to impress them with the [[reality]] of life and its [[inevitable]] hardships. This [[purpose]] is better accomplished by the later appearing [[athletic]] [[games]] and [[physical]] [[contests]].

70:7.7 But the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Society secret societies] did aim at the improvement of adolescent [[morals]]; one of the chief [[purposes]] of the puberty [[ceremonies]] was to impress upon the boy that he must leave other [[men]]'s [[wives]] alone.

70:7.7 But the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Society secret societies] did aim at the improvement of adolescent [[morals]]; one of the chief [[purposes]] of the puberty [[ceremonies]] was to impress upon the boy that he must leave other [[men]]'s [[wives]] alone.

70:7.8 Following these years of rigorous [[discipline]] and [[training]] and just before [[marriage]], the young men were usually released for a short period of [[leisure]] and [[freedom]], after which they returned to [[marry]] and to submit to lifelong subjection to the [[tribal]] [[taboos]]. And this ancient [[custom]] has continued down to [[modern]] times as the foolish notion of "sowing wild oats."[http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/sow+wild+oats]

70:7.8 Following these years of rigorous [[discipline]] and [[training]] and just before [[marriage]], the young men were usually released for a short period of [[leisure]] and [[freedom]], after which they returned to [[marry]] and to submit to lifelong subjection to the [[tribal]] [[taboos]]. And this ancient [[custom]] has continued down to [[modern]] times as the foolish notion of "sowing wild oats."[https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/sow+wild+oats]

70:7.9 Many later [[tribes]] [[sanctioned]] the formation of [[women]]'s [[secret]] clubs, the [[purpose]] of which was to [[prepare]] adolescent girls for [[wife]]hood and [[motherhood]]. After [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiate initiation] girls were eligible for [[marriage]] and were permitted to attend the "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9butante bride show]," the coming-out party of those days. [[Women]]'s orders pledged against [[marriage]] early came into [[existence]].

70:7.9 Many later [[tribes]] [[sanctioned]] the formation of [[women]]'s [[secret]] clubs, the [[purpose]] of which was to [[prepare]] adolescent girls for [[wife]]hood and [[motherhood]]. After [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiate initiation] girls were eligible for [[marriage]] and were permitted to attend the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9butante bride show]," the coming-out party of those days. [[Women]]'s orders pledged against [[marriage]] early came into [[existence]].

70:7.10 Presently nonsecret clubs made their [[appearance]] when [[groups]] of unmarried [[men]] and groups of unattached [[women]] formed their separate [[organizations]]. These [[associations]] were really the first schools. And while men's and women's clubs were often given to persecuting each other, some advanced tribes, after contact with the [[Dalamatia]] [[teachers]], [[experimented]] with coeducation, having boarding schools for both sexes.

70:7.10 Presently nonsecret clubs made their [[appearance]] when [[groups]] of unmarried [[men]] and groups of unattached [[women]] formed their separate [[organizations]]. These [[associations]] were really the first schools. And while men's and women's clubs were often given to persecuting each other, some advanced tribes, after contact with the [[Dalamatia]] [[teachers]], [[experimented]] with coeducation, having boarding schools for both sexes.

70:7.11 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Society Secret societies] [[contributed]] to the building up of social [[castes]] chiefly by the [[mysterious]] [[character]] of their [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiate initiations]. The members of these [[societies]] first wore masks to frighten the [[curious]] away from their [[mourning]] [[rites]]—[[ancestor]] [[worship]]. Later this [[ritual]] developed into a pseudo [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seance seance] at which [[ghosts]] were reputed to have appeared. The ancient [[societies]] of the "new [[birth]]" used signs and employed a special [[secret]] [[language]]; they also forswore certain [[foods]] and drinks. They acted as night police and otherwise [[functioned]] in a wide range of [[social]] [[activities]].

70:7.11 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Society Secret societies] [[contributed]] to the building up of social [[castes]] chiefly by the [[mysterious]] [[character]] of their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiate initiations]. The members of these [[societies]] first wore masks to frighten the [[curious]] away from their [[mourning]] [[rites]]—[[ancestor]] [[worship]]. Later this [[ritual]] developed into a pseudo [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seance seance] at which [[ghosts]] were reputed to have appeared. The ancient [[societies]] of the "new [[birth]]" used signs and employed a special [[secret]] [[language]]; they also forswore certain [[foods]] and drinks. They acted as night police and otherwise [[functioned]] in a wide range of [[social]] [[activities]].

70:7.12 All [[secret]] [[associations]] imposed an [[oath]], enjoined [[confidence]], and taught the keeping of [[secrets]]. These [[orders]] [[awe]]d and [[controlled]] the mobs; they also acted as vigilance [[societies]], thus practicing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynching lynch law]. They were the first spies when the [[tribes]] were at [[war]] and the first [[secret]] police during times of [[peace]]. Best of all they kept unscrupulous [[kings]] on the anxious seat. To offset them, the kings fostered their own [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_police secret police].

70:7.12 All [[secret]] [[associations]] imposed an [[oath]], enjoined [[confidence]], and taught the keeping of [[secrets]]. These [[orders]] [[awe]]d and [[controlled]] the mobs; they also acted as vigilance [[societies]], thus practicing [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynching lynch law]. They were the first spies when the [[tribes]] were at [[war]] and the first [[secret]] police during times of [[peace]]. Best of all they kept unscrupulous [[kings]] on the anxious seat. To offset them, the kings fostered their own [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_police secret police].

70:7.13 These [[societies]] gave rise to the first [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_Party political parties]. The first party [[government]] was "the strong" vs. "the weak." In ancient times a [[change]] of [[administration]] only followed [[civil war]], abundant [[proof]] that the weak had become strong.

70:7.13 These [[societies]] gave rise to the first [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_Party political parties]. The first party [[government]] was "the strong" vs. "the weak." In ancient times a [[change]] of [[administration]] only followed [[civil war]], abundant [[proof]] that the weak had become strong.

70:7.14 These clubs were employed by [[merchants]] to collect debts and by rulers to collect [[taxes]]. [[Taxation]] has been a long [[struggle]], one of the earliest [[forms]] being the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tithe tithe], one tenth of the [[hunt]] or spoils. [[Taxes]] were [[originally]] levied to keep up the [[king]]'s house, but it was found that they were easier to collect when disguised as an offering for the [[support]] of the [[temple]] [[service]].

70:7.14 These clubs were employed by [[merchants]] to collect debts and by rulers to collect [[taxes]]. [[Taxation]] has been a long [[struggle]], one of the earliest [[forms]] being the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tithe tithe], one tenth of the [[hunt]] or spoils. [[Taxes]] were [[originally]] levied to keep up the [[king]]'s house, but it was found that they were easier to collect when disguised as an offering for the [[support]] of the [[temple]] [[service]].

70:7.15 By and by these [[secret]] [[associations]] grew into the first [[charitable]] [[organizations]] and later evolved into the earlier [[religious]] [[societies]]—the forerunners of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churches churches]. Finally some of these [[societies]] became intertribal, the first international fraternities.

70:7.15 By and by these [[secret]] [[associations]] grew into the first [[charitable]] [[organizations]] and later evolved into the earlier [[religious]] [[societies]]—the forerunners of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churches churches]. Finally some of these [[societies]] became intertribal, the first international fraternities.

<center>[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_96 Go to Paper 96]</center>

<center>[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_96 Go to Paper 96]</center>

<center>[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=The_Urantia_Text_-_Contents Go to Table of Contents]</center>

<center>[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=The_Urantia_Text_-_Contents Go to Table of Contents]</center>

[[Category:Paper 70 - The Evolution of Human Government]]

[[Category:Paper 70 - The Evolution of Human Government]]