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72:2 Political Organization (view source)
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72:2.1 This [[continental]] [[nation]] now has a [[representative]] [[government]] with a centrally located national [[capital]]. The central [[government]] consists of a strong [[federation]] of one hundred comparatively [[free]] states. These states elect their governors and legislators for ten years, and none are eligible for re-election. State [[judges]] are appointed for life by the governors and [[confirmed]] by their [[legislatures]], which consist of one [[representative]] for each one hundred thousand [[citizens]].
72:2.2 There are five [[different]] types of [[City|metropolitan]] [[government]], depending on the size of the city, but no city is permitted to have more than one million [[inhabitants]]. On the whole, these municipal governing [[schemes]] are very simple, direct, and [[economical]]. The few offices of city [[administration]] are keenly sought by the highest types of [[citizens]].
72:2.3 The [[federal]] [[government]] [[embraces]] [[three]] [[co-ordinate]] divisions: [[executive]], [[legislative]], and [[judicial]]. The federal [[chief executive]] is elected every six years by [[universal]] territorial [[suffrage]]. He is not eligible for re-election except upon the [[petition]] of at least seventy-five state legislatures concurred in by the respective state governors, and then but for one term. He is advised by a supercabinet composed of all living ex-[[chief executive]]s.
72:2.4 The [[legislative]] division [[embraces]] [[three]] houses:
72:2.5 1. The upper house is elected by [[industrial]], [[professional]], [[agricultural]], and other [[groups]] of workers, balloting in [[accordance]] with [[economic]] [[function]].
72:2.6 2. The lower house is elected by certain [[organizations]] of [[society]] embracing the [[social]], [[political]], and [[philosophic]] groups not included in [[industry]] or the [[professions]]. All [[citizens]] in good standing [[participate]] in the [[election]] of both classes of [[representatives]], but they are differently grouped, depending on whether the election pertains to the upper or lower house.
72:2.7 3. The third house —the elder [[statesmen]]—embraces the [[veterans]] of [[civic]] [[service]] and includes many distinguished [[persons]] nominated by the [[chief executive]], by the regional (subfederal) [[executives]], by the chief of the supreme [[tribunal]], and by the presiding officers of either of the other legislative houses. This [[group]] is limited to one hundred, and its members are elected by the [[majority]] action of the elder statesmen themselves. Membership is for life, and when vacancies occur, the [[person]] receiving the largest ballot among the list of nominees is thereby duly elected. The scope of this [[body]] is purely [[advisory]], but it is a mighty regulator of [[public]] [[opinion]] and exerts a powerful [[influence]] upon all branches of the [[government]].
72:2.8 Very much of the federal [[administrative]] [[work]] is carried on by the ten regional (subfederal) authorities, each consisting of the [[association]] of ten states. These regional divisions are wholly [[executive]] and [[administrative]], having neither [[legislative]] nor [[judicial]] functions. The ten regional executives are the personal appointees of the federal [[chief executive]], and their term of office is concurrent with his—six years. The federal supreme [[tribunal]] approves the appointment of these ten regional executives, and while they may not be reappointed, the retiring [[executive]] [[automatically]] becomes the associate and adviser of his successor. Otherwise, these regional chiefs choose their own cabinets of [[administrative]] officials.
72:2.9 This nation is [[adjudicated]] by two major [[court]] [[systems]]—the [[law]] courts and the socioeconomic courts. The law courts [[function]] on the following three levels:
72:2.10 1. Minor courts of municipal and local [[jurisdiction]], whose [[decisions]] may be [[appeal]]ed to the high state tribunals.
72:2.11 2. State supreme courts, whose decisions are final in all matters not involving the federal [[government]] or jeopardy of citizenship [[rights]] and liberties. The regional executives are empowered to bring any case at once to the bar of the federal supreme court.
72:2.12 3. Federal supreme court —the high [[tribunal]] for the [[adjudication]] of national [[contentions]] and the appellate cases coming up from the state courts. This supreme [[tribunal]] consists of twelve men over forty and under seventy-five years of age who have served two or more years on some state tribunal, and who have been appointed to this high position by the [[chief executive]] with the [[majority]] approval of the supercabinet and the third house of the [[legislative]] assembly. All [[decisions]] of this supreme judicial body are by at least a two-thirds vote.
72:2.13 The socioeconomic courts function in the following three divisions:
*1. [[Parental]] courts, associated with the legislative and [[executive]] divisions of the [[home]] and [[social]] system.
*2. [[Educational]] courts —the juridical bodies connected with the state and regional school systems and associated with the executive and legislative branches of the educational administrative mechanism.
*3. [[Industrial]] courts —the jurisdictional [[tribunals]] vested with full [[authority]] for the settlement of all [[economic]] misunderstandings.
72:2.14 The federal supreme [[court]] does not pass upon socioeconomic cases except upon the three-quarters vote of the third [[legislative]] branch of the national [[government]], the house of elder statesmen. Otherwise, all [[decisions]] of the [[parental]], [[educational]], and [[industrial]] high [[courts]] are final.
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[[Category:Paper 72 - Government on a Neighboring Planet]]
[[Category: Extraterrestrial]]
[[Category: Governance]]
[[Category: Politics]]