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81:3.1 The [[climatic]] destruction of the rich, open grassland [[hunting]] and [[Plains|grazing grounds]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan], beginning about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12,000BC 12,000 B.C.], compelled the men of those regions to resort to new forms of [[industry]] and crude [[manufacturing]]. Some turned to the cultivation of [[domesticated]] flocks, others became [[agriculturists]] or collectors of [[water]]-borne [[food]], but the higher type of [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] [[intellects]] chose to [[engage]] in [[trade]] and [[manufacture]]. It even became the [[custom]] for entire [[tribes]] to dedicate themselves to the [[development]] of a single [[industry]]. From the valley of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile Nile] to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_Kush Hindu Kush] and from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges Ganges] to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_River Yellow River], the chief business of the superior [[tribes]] became the cultivation of the [[soil]], with [[commerce]] as a side line.

81:3.1 The [[climatic]] destruction of the rich, open grassland [[hunting]] and [[Plains|grazing grounds]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan], beginning about [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12,000BC 12,000 B.C.], compelled the men of those regions to resort to new forms of [[industry]] and crude [[manufacturing]]. Some turned to the cultivation of [[domesticated]] flocks, others became [[agriculturists]] or collectors of [[water]]-borne [[food]], but the higher type of [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andite] [[intellects]] chose to [[engage]] in [[trade]] and [[manufacture]]. It even became the [[custom]] for entire [[tribes]] to dedicate themselves to the [[development]] of a single [[industry]]. From the valley of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nile Nile] to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_Kush Hindu Kush] and from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges Ganges] to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_River Yellow River], the chief business of the superior [[tribes]] became the cultivation of the [[soil]], with [[commerce]] as a side line.

81:3.2 The increase in [[trade]] and in the [[manufacture]] of raw materials into various articles of [[commerce]] was directly instrumental in producing those early and semipeaceful [[communities]] which were so [[influential]] in spreading the [[culture]] and the [[arts]] of [[civilization]]. Before the era of extensive world trade, [[social]] [[communities]] were [[tribal]]—expanded [[family]] [[groups]]. [[Trade]] brought into [[fellowship]] different sorts of [[human beings]], thus contributing to a more speedy cross-fertilization of [[culture]].

81:3.2 The increase in [[trade]] and in the [[manufacture]] of raw materials into various articles of [[commerce]] was directly instrumental in producing those early and semipeaceful [[communities]] which were so [[influential]] in spreading the [[culture]] and the [[arts]] of [[civilization]]. Before the era of extensive world trade, [[social]] [[communities]] were [[tribal]]—expanded [[family]] [[groups]]. [[Trade]] brought into [[fellowship]] different sorts of [[human beings]], thus contributing to a more speedy cross-fertilization of [[culture]].

81:3.3 About [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10,000_BC twelve thousand years ago] the era of the [[independent]] [[cities]] was dawning. And these [[primitive]] trading and [[manufacturing]] [[cities]] were always surrounded by zones of [[agriculture]] and cattle raising. While it is true that [[industry]] was promoted by the elevation of the [[standards of living]], you should have no misconception regarding the refinements of early [[urban]] life. The early races were not overly neat and clean, and the [[average]] [[primitive]] [[community]] rose from one to two feet every twenty-five years as the result of the mere accumulation of dirt and trash. Certain of these olden [[cities]] also rose above the [[surrounding]] ground very quickly because their unbaked mud [[huts]] were short-lived, and it was the [[custom]] to build new dwellings directly on top of the [[ruins]] of the old.

81:3.3 About [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10,000_BC twelve thousand years ago] the era of the [[independent]] [[cities]] was dawning. And these [[primitive]] trading and [[manufacturing]] [[cities]] were always surrounded by zones of [[agriculture]] and cattle raising. While it is true that [[industry]] was promoted by the elevation of the [[standards of living]], you should have no misconception regarding the refinements of early [[urban]] life. The early races were not overly neat and clean, and the [[average]] [[primitive]] [[community]] rose from one to two feet every twenty-five years as the result of the mere accumulation of dirt and trash. Certain of these olden [[cities]] also rose above the [[surrounding]] ground very quickly because their unbaked mud [[huts]] were short-lived, and it was the [[custom]] to build new dwellings directly on top of the [[ruins]] of the old.

81:3.4 The widespread use of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal metals] was a feature of this era of the early [[industrial]] and trading [[cities]]. You have already found a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age#Persian_Plateau bronze culture] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan] dating before 9000 B.C., and the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites] early learned to work in iron, gold, and copper, as well. But conditions were very [[different]] away from the more advanced [[centers]] of [[civilization]]. There were no distinct periods, such as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Age Stone], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age Bronze], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age Iron Ages]; all three existed at the same time in [[different]] localities.

81:3.4 The widespread use of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal metals] was a feature of this era of the early [[industrial]] and trading [[cities]]. You have already found a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age#Persian_Plateau bronze culture] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkestan Turkestan] dating before 9000 B.C., and the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites] early learned to work in iron, gold, and copper, as well. But conditions were very [[different]] away from the more advanced [[centers]] of [[civilization]]. There were no distinct periods, such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Age Stone], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age Bronze], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age Iron Ages]; all three existed at the same time in [[different]] localities.

81:3.5 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold Gold] was the first [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal metal] to be sought by man; it was easy to [[work]] and, at first, was used only as an ornament. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper Copper] was next employed but not extensively until it was admixed with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin tin] to make the harder [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze bronze]. The [[discovery]] of mixing copper and tin to make bronze was made by one of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_77#77:5._ADAMSON_AND_RATTA Adamsonites] of Turkestan whose highland copper mine happened to be located alongside a tin deposit.

81:3.5 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold Gold] was the first [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal metal] to be sought by man; it was easy to [[work]] and, at first, was used only as an ornament. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper Copper] was next employed but not extensively until it was admixed with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin tin] to make the harder [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze bronze]. The [[discovery]] of mixing copper and tin to make bronze was made by one of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_77#77:5._ADAMSON_AND_RATTA Adamsonites] of Turkestan whose highland copper mine happened to be located alongside a tin deposit.

81:3.6 With the [[appearance]] of crude [[manufacture]] and beginning [[industry]], [[commerce]] quickly became the most [[potent]] [[influence]] in the spread of cultural [[civilization]]. The opening up of the [[trade]] [[channels]] by [[land]] and by [[sea]] greatly facilitated [[travel]] and the mixing of [[cultures]] as well as the blending of [[civilizations]]. By [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5000_BC 5000 B.C.] the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse horse] was in general use throughout civilized and semicivilized lands. These later races not only had the domesticated horse but also various sorts of wagons and chariots. Ages before, the [[wheel]] had been used, but now vehicles so equipped became [[universally]] employed both in [[commerce]] and [[war]].

81:3.6 With the [[appearance]] of crude [[manufacture]] and beginning [[industry]], [[commerce]] quickly became the most [[potent]] [[influence]] in the spread of cultural [[civilization]]. The opening up of the [[trade]] [[channels]] by [[land]] and by [[sea]] greatly facilitated [[travel]] and the mixing of [[cultures]] as well as the blending of [[civilizations]]. By [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5000_BC 5000 B.C.] the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse horse] was in general use throughout civilized and semicivilized lands. These later races not only had the domesticated horse but also various sorts of wagons and chariots. Ages before, the [[wheel]] had been used, but now vehicles so equipped became [[universally]] employed both in [[commerce]] and [[war]].

81:3.7 The [[traveling]] [[trader]] and the roving [[explorer]] did more to advance [[historic]] [[civilization]] than all other [[influences]] combined. [[Military]] [[conquests]], colonization, and missionary [[enterprises]] fostered by the later [[religions]] were also factors in the spread of [[culture]]; but these were all secondary to the [[Commerce|trading]] [[relations]], which were ever [[accelerated]] by the rapidly developing [[arts]] and [[sciences]] of [[industry]].

81:3.7 The [[traveling]] [[trader]] and the roving [[explorer]] did more to advance [[historic]] [[civilization]] than all other [[influences]] combined. [[Military]] [[conquests]], colonization, and missionary [[enterprises]] fostered by the later [[religions]] were also factors in the spread of [[culture]]; but these were all secondary to the [[Commerce|trading]] [[relations]], which were ever [[accelerated]] by the rapidly developing [[arts]] and [[sciences]] of [[industry]].

81:3.8 Infusion of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE Adamic stock] into the [[human]] races not only quickened the pace of [[civilization]], but it also greatly [[stimulated]] their proclivities toward [[adventure]] and [[exploration]] to the end that most of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasia Eurasia] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Africa northern Africa] was presently occupied by the rapidly multiplying mixed descendants of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites].

81:3.8 Infusion of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_76#76:4._THE_VIOLET_RACE Adamic stock] into the [[human]] races not only quickened the pace of [[civilization]], but it also greatly [[stimulated]] their proclivities toward [[adventure]] and [[exploration]] to the end that most of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasia Eurasia] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Africa northern Africa] was presently occupied by the rapidly multiplying mixed descendants of the [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_78#78:4._THE_ANDITES Andites].

<center>[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_81 Go to Paper 81]</center>

<center>[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Paper_81 Go to Paper 81]</center>