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==Origin==

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from [[Latin]] ''absolvere'', from ''ab''- + ''solvere'' to loosen

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*[~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_century 15th Century]

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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_century 15th Century]

==Definitions==

*1: to set free from an [[obligation]] or the [[consequences]] of [[guilt]]

*2: to remit (a [[sin]])

==Description==

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'''Absolution''' is an integral part of the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance_(Catholic_Church) Sacrament of Penance], in Roman Catholicism. The penitent makes a sacramental [[confession]] of all mortal [[sins]] to a priest and prays an [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_contrition act of contrition]. The priest then assigns a penance and imparts ''absolution'' in the name of the [[Trinity]], on behalf of Christ Himself, using a fixed sacramental formula:

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'''Absolution''' is an integral part of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance_(Catholic_Church) Sacrament of Penance], in Roman Catholicism. The penitent makes a sacramental [[confession]] of all mortal [[sins]] to a priest and prays an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_contrition act of contrition]. The priest then assigns a penance and imparts ''absolution'' in the name of the [[Trinity]], on behalf of Christ Himself, using a fixed sacramental formula:

<blockquote>Dominus noster Jesus Christus te absolvat; et ego auctoritate ipsius te absolvo ab omni vinculo excommunicationis (suspensionis) et interdicti in quantum possum et tu indiges. Deinde, ego te absolvo a peccatis tuis in nomine Patris, et Filii, + et Spiritus Sancti. Amen.</blockquote>

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<blockquote>May our Lord Jesus Christ absolve you; and by His authority I absolve you from every bond of excommunication (suspension) and interdict, so far as my power allows and your needs require. [making the Sign of the Cross:] Thereupon, I absolve you from your sins in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen.</blockquote>

<center>For lessons on the related [[topic]] of ''[[Forgiveness]]'', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Forgiveness '''''this link'''''].</center>

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The essential part of the [[formula]] (the words which must be said for the absolution – and the entire Sacrament of Penance – to take [[effect]], or, in Church law terms, be "sacramentally valid") are: "I absolve you from your sins". Absolution of sins most importantly [[forgives]] sins (and, when done before [[death]], ensures one dies in a "state of [[grace]]", able to [[eventually]] enter [[heaven]]); but it also allows the valid and non-sinful reception of the sacraments (especially the [[Eucharist]] at Mass), the lawful exercise of ecclesiastical offices and ministries by laity or clerics, and full [[participation]] in the life of the [[Church]]. However, for certain especially grave sins to be forgiven and for the accompanying Church penalties to be lifted, there are [[formal]] processes which must take place along with the absolution, which must then be given (depending on the seriousness of the type of sin) either by the Pope (through the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary Apostolic Penitentiary]), the local Bishop, or a priest authorized by the Bishop.

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The essential part of the [[formula]] (the words which must be said for the absolution – and the entire Sacrament of Penance – to take [[effect]], or, in Church law terms, be "sacramentally valid") are: "I absolve you from your sins". Absolution of sins most importantly [[forgives]] sins (and, when done before [[death]], ensures one dies in a "state of [[grace]]", able to [[eventually]] enter [[heaven]]); but it also allows the valid and non-sinful reception of the sacraments (especially the [[Eucharist]] at Mass), the lawful exercise of ecclesiastical offices and ministries by laity or clerics, and full [[participation]] in the life of the [[Church]]. However, for certain especially grave sins to be forgiven and for the accompanying Church penalties to be lifted, there are [[formal]] processes which must take place along with the absolution, which must then be given (depending on the seriousness of the type of sin) either by the Pope (through the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_Penitentiary Apostolic Penitentiary]), the local Bishop, or a priest authorized by the Bishop.

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This formula is preceded by other short [[prayers]] similar to those used at Mass after the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confiteor Confiteor]. [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_(canonical_penalty) Suspension], in the context of the formula for absolution, refers to a canonical penalty which can be incurred only by clerics; therefore, it is omitted when absolving a layman.

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This formula is preceded by other short [[prayers]] similar to those used at Mass after the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confiteor Confiteor]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_(canonical_penalty) Suspension], in the context of the formula for absolution, refers to a canonical penalty which can be incurred only by clerics; therefore, it is omitted when absolving a layman.

After the liturgical reforms of 1970, an option was given to use another formula for absolution: "God, the Father of Mercies, through the [[death]] and [[resurrection]] of his Son has reconciled the world to himself and sent the [[Holy Spirit]] among us for the forgiveness of sins; through the ministry of the [[Church]] may God give you pardon and [[peace]], and I absolve you from your sins in the name of [[the Father]], and of [[the Son]], and of the [[Holy Spirit]]. Amen."

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<blockquote>(May the Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ, the merits of the Blessed Virgin Mary and of all the saints and also whatever good you do or evil you endure merit for you the remission of your sins, the increase of grace and the reward of everlasting life. Amen). </blockquote>

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This prayer shows the concepts of merit and the [~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communion_of_Saints Communion of Saints] in the greater context of [[grace]] as understood in Catholic theology.

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This prayer shows the concepts of merit and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communion_of_Saints Communion of Saints] in the greater context of [[grace]] as understood in Catholic theology.

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''Absolution'' [[forgives]] the [[guilt]] associated with the penitent's sins, and removes the eternal punishment ([[Hell]]) associated with mortal sins, but only if the penitent has a firm [[purpose]] of amendment and is truly contrite. The penitent is still [[responsible]] for the temporal punishment ([[Purgatory]]) associated with the confessed sins, unless an [[indulgence]] is applied or, if through [[prayer]], penitence and good works, the temporal punishment is cancelled in this life.[~~http~~://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolution]

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''Absolution'' [[forgives]] the [[guilt]] associated with the penitent's sins, and removes the eternal punishment ([[Hell]]) associated with mortal sins, but only if the penitent has a firm [[purpose]] of amendment and is truly contrite. The penitent is still [[responsible]] for the temporal punishment ([[Purgatory]]) associated with the confessed sins, unless an [[indulgence]] is applied or, if through [[prayer]], penitence and good works, the temporal punishment is cancelled in this life.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolution]

[[Category: Religion]]

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