Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

Late Latin anathemat-, anathema, from [[Greek]], thing [[devoted]] to [[evil]], [[curse]], from anatithenai to set up, [[dedicate]], from ana- + tithenai to place, set  

Late Latin anathemat-, anathema, from [[Greek]], thing [[devoted]] to [[evil]], [[curse]], from anatithenai to set up, [[dedicate]], from ana- + tithenai to place, set  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1526]

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1526]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1a : one that is [[cursed]] by ecclesiastical [[authority]]  

*1a : one that is [[cursed]] by ecclesiastical [[authority]]  

:b : someone or something [[intense]]ly disliked or loathed —usually used as a predicate nominative <this notion was anathema to most of his countrymen — S. J. Gould>

:b : someone or something [[intense]]ly disliked or loathed —usually used as a predicate nominative <this notion was anathema to most of his countrymen — S. J. Gould>

*2a : a ban or [[curse]] [[solemn]]ly pronounced by ecclesiastical [[authority]] and accompanied by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunication excommunication]  

*2a : a ban or [[curse]] [[solemn]]ly pronounced by ecclesiastical [[authority]] and accompanied by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunication excommunication]  

:b : the denunciation of something as accursed  

:b : the denunciation of something as accursed  

:c : a vigorous denunciation : [[curse]]  

:c : a vigorous denunciation : [[curse]]  

==Description==

==Description==

There is some [[difficulty]] [[translating]] this word, especially since it has now become commonly used with the term accursed or accustomed. The [[original]] [[meaning]] of the [[Greek]] word, as used in non-Biblical Greek [[literature]], was an offering to a god. The [[Hebrew]] word herem (חרם) referred to something forbidden or off limits. It was used in verses such as [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Leviticus#Chapter_.27 Leviticus 27:28] to refer to [[things]] offered to [[God]], and hence off limits to common (non-religious) use. Because the [[Greek]] word anathema meant things offered to [[God]], it was used to [[translate]] the Hebrew word herem  in such [[contexts]]. Thus, the [[meaning]] of the Greek word, under the [[influence]] of the [[Hebrew]] word, was eventually taken as meaning "set apart", (like herem) rather than "offering to god", and [[eventually]] the word came to be seen as meaning "banished" and to be [[considered]] beyond the [[judgment]] and help of the [[community]].

There is some [[difficulty]] [[translating]] this word, especially since it has now become commonly used with the term accursed or accustomed. The [[original]] [[meaning]] of the [[Greek]] word, as used in non-Biblical Greek [[literature]], was an offering to a god. The [[Hebrew]] word herem (חרם) referred to something forbidden or off limits. It was used in verses such as [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Leviticus#Chapter_.27 Leviticus 27:28] to refer to [[things]] offered to [[God]], and hence off limits to common (non-religious) use. Because the [[Greek]] word anathema meant things offered to [[God]], it was used to [[translate]] the Hebrew word herem  in such [[contexts]]. Thus, the [[meaning]] of the Greek word, under the [[influence]] of the [[Hebrew]] word, was eventually taken as meaning "set apart", (like herem) rather than "offering to god", and [[eventually]] the word came to be seen as meaning "banished" and to be [[considered]] beyond the [[judgment]] and help of the [[community]].

In [[Greek]] usage, an anathema was anything laid up or [[suspended]]; hence anything laid up in a [[temple]] or set apart as [[sacred]]. In this sense the [[form]] of the word was once (in plural) used in the [[Greek]] [[New Testament]], in [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke#Chapter_21 Luke 21:5], where it is rendered 'gifts.' It is used similarly in the [[Book of Judith]], where it is translated as 'gift to the Lord.' In the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint Septuagint] the form anathema is generally used as the rendering of the [[Hebrew]] word herem, derived from a verb which means (1) to [[consecrate]] or [[devote]]; and (2) to exterminate. Any object so [[sacrificed]] or devoted to the Lord could not be redeemed ([http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Numbers#Chapter_.18 Numbers 18:14]; [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Leviticus#Chapter_.27 Leviticus 27:28-29]); and hence the [[idea]] of exterminating was [[connected]] with the [[word]]. The [[Hebrew]] verb (haram) is frequently used of the extermination of [[idolatrous]] nations. It had a wide range of [[application]]. The anathema or herem was a [[person]] or thing irrevocably [[devoted]] to God ([http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Leviticus#Chapter_.27 Leviticus 27:21], KJV); and "none devoted shall be ransomed. He shall surely be put to death" (KJV). The [[Hebrew]] word therefore carried the idea of [[devoted]] to destruction ([http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Numbers#Chapter_.21 Numbers 21:2-3]; [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Joshua#Chapter__.6 Joshua 6:17]); and hence a [[majority]] of scholars have treated the word anathema similarly, generally as [[meaning]] a [[thing]] [[accursed]]. For example, in [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Deutoronomy#Chapter_.7 Deuteronomy 7:26] an [[idol]] is called a herem = anathema, [[understood]] to mean a [[thing]] [[accursed]]. There is however, an alternative view that the Greek word 'anathema,' in these passages, was used by the [[Greek]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint Septuagint] translators to mean "offered up to [[God]]".[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anathema]

In [[Greek]] usage, an anathema was anything laid up or [[suspended]]; hence anything laid up in a [[temple]] or set apart as [[sacred]]. In this sense the [[form]] of the word was once (in plural) used in the [[Greek]] [[New Testament]], in [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Gospel_of_Luke#Chapter_21 Luke 21:5], where it is rendered 'gifts.' It is used similarly in the [[Book of Judith]], where it is translated as 'gift to the Lord.' In the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint Septuagint] the form anathema is generally used as the rendering of the [[Hebrew]] word herem, derived from a verb which means (1) to [[consecrate]] or [[devote]]; and (2) to exterminate. Any object so [[sacrificed]] or devoted to the Lord could not be redeemed ([https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Numbers#Chapter_.18 Numbers 18:14]; [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Leviticus#Chapter_.27 Leviticus 27:28-29]); and hence the [[idea]] of exterminating was [[connected]] with the [[word]]. The [[Hebrew]] verb (haram) is frequently used of the extermination of [[idolatrous]] nations. It had a wide range of [[application]]. The anathema or herem was a [[person]] or thing irrevocably [[devoted]] to God ([https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Leviticus#Chapter_.27 Leviticus 27:21], KJV); and "none devoted shall be ransomed. He shall surely be put to death" (KJV). The [[Hebrew]] word therefore carried the idea of [[devoted]] to destruction ([https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Numbers#Chapter_.21 Numbers 21:2-3]; [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Joshua#Chapter__.6 Joshua 6:17]); and hence a [[majority]] of scholars have treated the word anathema similarly, generally as [[meaning]] a [[thing]] [[accursed]]. For example, in [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Book_of_Deutoronomy#Chapter_.7 Deuteronomy 7:26] an [[idol]] is called a herem = anathema, [[understood]] to mean a [[thing]] [[accursed]]. There is however, an alternative view that the Greek word 'anathema,' in these passages, was used by the [[Greek]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint Septuagint] translators to mean "offered up to [[God]]".[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anathema]

[[Category: Religion]]

[[Category: Religion]]