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א וּבִשְׁנַת אַחַת, לְכוֹרֶשׁ מֶלֶךְ פָּרַס, לִכְלוֹת דְּבַר-יְהוָה, מִפִּי יִרְמְיָה: הֵעִיר יְהוָה, אֶת-רוּחַ כֹּרֶשׁ מֶלֶךְ-פָּרַס, וַיַּעֲבֶר-קוֹל בְּכָל-מַלְכוּתוֹ, וְגַם-בְּמִכְתָּב לֵאמֹר.
----
IV Mach. is a Jewish-Stoic philosophical treatise on the supremacy of pious reason, that is religious principles, over the passions. The martyrdom of Eleazar and of the seven brothers (2 Maccabees 6:18-7) is introduced to illustrate the author's thesis. Neither book has any claim to canonicity, though the first for a while received favourable consideration in some Churches.[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09495a.htm]
==Chapter .1==
[1] The subject that I am about to discuss is most philosophical, that is, whether devout reason is sovereign over the emotions. So it is right for me to advise you to pay earnest attention to philosophy.
[1] The subject that I am about to discuss is most philosophical, that is, whether devout reason is sovereign over the emotions. So it is right for me to advise you to pay earnest attention to philosophy.
[2] For the subject is essential to everyone who is seeking knowledge, and in addition it includes the praise of the highest virtue -- I mean, of course, rational judgment.
[2] For the subject is essential to everyone who is seeking knowledge, and in addition it includes the praise of the highest virtue -- I mean, of course, rational judgment.
[34] Therefore when we crave seafood and fowl and animals and all sorts of foods that are forbidden to us by the law, we abstain because of domination by reason.
[34] Therefore when we crave seafood and fowl and animals and all sorts of foods that are forbidden to us by the law, we abstain because of domination by reason.
[35] For the emotions of the appetites are restrained, checked by the temperate mind, and all the impulses of the body are bridled by reason.
[35] For the emotions of the appetites are restrained, checked by the temperate mind, and all the impulses of the body are bridled by reason.
==Chapter .2==
[1]
[1]
How is it then, one might say, that if reason is master of the emotions, it does not control forgetfulness and ignorance?
How is it then, one might say, that if reason is master of the emotions, it does not control forgetfulness and ignorance?
==Chapter .3==
[1] This notion is entirely ridiculous; for it is evident that reason rules not over its own emotions, but over those of the body.
[1] This notion is entirely ridiculous; for it is evident that reason rules not over its own emotions, but over those of the body.
[2] No one of us can eradicate that kind of desire, but reason can provide a way for us not to be enslaved by desire.
[2] No one of us can eradicate that kind of desire, but reason can provide a way for us not to be enslaved by desire.
[21] just at that time certain men attempted a revolution against the public harmony and caused many and various disasters.
[21] just at that time certain men attempted a revolution against the public harmony and caused many and various disasters.
==Chapter .4==
[1]
[1]
[25] even to the point that women, because they had circumcised their sons, were thrown headlong from heights along with their infants, though they had known beforehand that they would suffer this --
[25] even to the point that women, because they had circumcised their sons, were thrown headlong from heights along with their infants, though they had known beforehand that they would suffer this --
[26] when, then, his decrees were despised by the people, he himself, through torture, tried to compel everyone in the nation to eat defiling foods and to renounce Judaism.
[26] when, then, his decrees were despised by the people, he himself, through torture, tried to compel everyone in the nation to eat defiling foods and to renounce Judaism.
==Chapter .5==
[1]
[1]
[37] The fathers will receive me as pure, as one who does not fear your violence even to death.
[37] The fathers will receive me as pure, as one who does not fear your violence even to death.
[38] You may tyrannize the ungodly, but you shall not dominate my religious principles either by word or by deed."
[38] You may tyrannize the ungodly, but you shall not dominate my religious principles either by word or by deed."
==Chapter .6==
[1]
[1]
[34] And it is right for us to acknowledge the dominance of reason when it masters even external agonies. It would be ridiculous to deny it.
[34] And it is right for us to acknowledge the dominance of reason when it masters even external agonies. It would be ridiculous to deny it.
[35] And I have proved not only that reason has mastered agonies, but also that it masters pleasures and in no respect yields to them.
[35] And I have proved not only that reason has mastered agonies, but also that it masters pleasures and in no respect yields to them.
==Chapter .7==
[1]
[1]
[22] and knows that it is blessed to endure any suffering for the sake of virtue, would not be able to overcome the emotions through godliness?
[22] and knows that it is blessed to endure any suffering for the sake of virtue, would not be able to overcome the emotions through godliness?
[23] For only the wise and courageous man is lord of his emotions.
[23] For only the wise and courageous man is lord of his emotions.
==Chapter .8==
[1]
[1]
[28] For they were contemptuous of the emotions and sovereign over agonies,
[28] For they were contemptuous of the emotions and sovereign over agonies,
[29] so that as soon as the tyrant had ceased counseling them to eat defiling food, all with one voice together, as from one mind, said:
[29] so that as soon as the tyrant had ceased counseling them to eat defiling food, all with one voice together, as from one mind, said:
==Chapter .9==
[1]
[1]
[31] I lighten my pain by the joys that come from virtue,
[31] I lighten my pain by the joys that come from virtue,
[32] but you suffer torture by the threats that come from impiety. You will not escape, most abominable tyrant, the judgments of the divine wrath."
[32] but you suffer torture by the threats that come from impiety. You will not escape, most abominable tyrant, the judgments of the divine wrath."
==Chapter .10==
[1]
[1]
[20] Gladly, for the sake of God, we let our bodily members be mutilated.
[20] Gladly, for the sake of God, we let our bodily members be mutilated.
[21] God will visit you swiftly, for you are cutting out a tongue that has been melodious with divine hymns."
[21] God will visit you swiftly, for you are cutting out a tongue that has been melodious with divine hymns."
==Chapter .11==
[1]
[1]
[26] Your fire is cold to us, and the catapults painless, and your violence powerless.
[26] Your fire is cold to us, and the catapults painless, and your violence powerless.
[27] For it is not the guards of the tyrant but those of the divine law that are set over us; therefore, unconquered, we hold fast to reason."
[27] For it is not the guards of the tyrant but those of the divine law that are set over us; therefore, unconquered, we hold fast to reason."
==Chapter .12==
[1]
[1]
[18] but on you he will take vengeance both in this present life and when you are dead."
[18] but on you he will take vengeance both in this present life and when you are dead."
[19] After he had uttered these imprecations, he flung himself into the braziers and so ended his life.
[19] After he had uttered these imprecations, he flung himself into the braziers and so ended his life.
==Chapter .13==
[1]
[1]
[26] because, with the aid of their religion, they rendered their brotherly love more fervent.
[26] because, with the aid of their religion, they rendered their brotherly love more fervent.
[27] But although nature and companionship and virtuous habits had augmented the affection of brotherhood, those who were left endured for the sake of religion, while watching their brothers being maltreated and tortured to death.
[27] But although nature and companionship and virtuous habits had augmented the affection of brotherhood, those who were left endured for the sake of religion, while watching their brothers being maltreated and tortured to death.
==Chapter .14==
[1] Furthermore, they encouraged them to face the torture, so that they not only despised their agonies, but also mastered the emotions of brotherly love.
[1] Furthermore, they encouraged them to face the torture, so that they not only despised their agonies, but also mastered the emotions of brotherly love.
[2]
[2]
[19] since even bees at the time for making honeycombs defend themselves against intruders as though with an iron dart sting those who approach their hive and defend it even to the death?
[19] since even bees at the time for making honeycombs defend themselves against intruders as though with an iron dart sting those who approach their hive and defend it even to the death?
[20] But sympathy for her children did not sway the mother of the young men; she was of the same mind as Abraham.
[20] But sympathy for her children did not sway the mother of the young men; she was of the same mind as Abraham.
==Chapter .15==
[1]
[1]
[31] Just as Noah's ark, carrying the world in the universal flood, stoutly endured the waves,
[31] Just as Noah's ark, carrying the world in the universal flood, stoutly endured the waves,
[32] so you, O guardian of the law, overwhelmed from every side by the flood of your emotions and the violent winds, the torture of your sons, endured nobly and withstood the wintry storms that assail religion.
[32] so you, O guardian of the law, overwhelmed from every side by the flood of your emotions and the violent winds, the torture of your sons, endured nobly and withstood the wintry storms that assail religion.
==Chapter .16==
[1]
[1]
[25] They knew also that those who die for the sake of God live in God, as do Abraham and Isaac and Jacob and all the patriarchs.
[25] They knew also that those who die for the sake of God live in God, as do Abraham and Isaac and Jacob and all the patriarchs.
==Chapter .17==
[1]
[1]
[24] and this made them brave and courageous for infantry battle and siege, and he ravaged and conquered all his enemies.
[24] and this made them brave and courageous for infantry battle and siege, and he ravaged and conquered all his enemies.
==Chapter .18==
[1]
[1]