Changes

'''Breathing''' takes [[oxygen]] in and [[carbon dioxide]] out of the body. [[Aerobic]] organisms require oxygen to create energy via respiration]], in the form of energy-rich [[molecule]]s such as [[glucose]]. The medical term for normal relaxed breathing is eupnea.

'''Breathing''' takes [[oxygen]] in and [[carbon dioxide]] out of the body. [[Aerobic]] organisms require oxygen to create energy via respiration]], in the form of energy-rich [[molecule]]s such as [[glucose]]. The medical term for normal relaxed breathing is eupnea.

==Gas exchange==

==Gas exchange==

Breathing is only part of the processes of delivering [[oxygen]] to where it is needed in the body and removing [[carbon dioxide]] waste. The process of [[gas exchange]] occurs in the alveoli by passive diffusion of gases between the alveolar gas and the blood passing by in the lung capillaries. Once in the blood the [[heart]] powers the flow of dissolved gases around the body in the circulation.  

Breathing is only part of the processes of delivering [[oxygen]] to where it is needed in the body and removing [[carbon dioxide]] waste. The process of [[gas exchange]] occurs in the alveoli by passive diffusion of gases between the alveolar gas and the blood passing by in the lung capillaries. Once in the blood the [[heart]] powers the flow of dissolved gases around the body in the circulation.  

===Interaction===

===Interaction===

It is not possible for a healthy person to voluntarily stop breathing indefinitely. If we do not inhale, the level of carbon dioxide builds up in our blood, and we experience overwhelming air hunger. This irrepressible reflex is not surprising given that without breathing, the body's internal oxygen levels drop dangerously low within minutes, leading to permanent brain damage followed eventually by death. However, there have been instances where people have survived for as long as two hours without air; this is only possible when submerged in cold water, as this triggers the [[mammalian diving reflex]]. Ramey CA, Ramey DN, Hayward JS. Dive response of children in relation to cold-water near drowning. J Appl Physiol 2001;62(2):665-8.Source: Diana Hacker (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2002).Adapted from Victoria E. McMillan (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2001).  See it cited [http://www.dianahacker.com/pdfs/Hacker-Mart-CBE.pdf here]

It is not possible for a healthy person to voluntarily stop breathing indefinitely. If we do not inhale, the level of carbon dioxide builds up in our blood, and we experience overwhelming air hunger. This irrepressible reflex is not surprising given that without breathing, the body's internal oxygen levels drop dangerously low within minutes, leading to permanent brain damage followed eventually by death. However, there have been instances where people have survived for as long as two hours without air; this is only possible when submerged in cold water, as this triggers the [[mammalian diving reflex]]. Ramey CA, Ramey DN, Hayward JS. Dive response of children in relation to cold-water near drowning. J Appl Physiol 2001;62(2):665-8.Source: Diana Hacker (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2002).Adapted from Victoria E. McMillan (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2001).  See it cited [https://www.dianahacker.com/pdfs/Hacker-Mart-CBE.pdf here]

If a healthy person were to voluntarily stop breathing (i.e. hold his or her breath) for a long enough amount of time, he or she would lose [[consciousness]], and the body would resume breathing on its own. Because of this one cannot suffocate oneself with this method, unless one's breathing was also restricted by something else (e.g. water, see drowning)

If a healthy person were to voluntarily stop breathing (i.e. hold his or her breath) for a long enough amount of time, he or she would lose [[consciousness]], and the body would resume breathing on its own. Because of this one cannot suffocate oneself with this method, unless one's breathing was also restricted by something else (e.g. water, see drowning)

In [[Tai Chi Chuan]], [[aerobic training]] is combined with breathing to exercise the diaphram muscles, and to train effective posture, which both make better use of the body's energy.  In music, breath is used to play wind instruments and many aerophones. [[Laughter]], physically, is simply repeated sharp breaths. Hiccups and yawns are other breath-related phenomena.

In [[Tai Chi Chuan]], [[aerobic training]] is combined with breathing to exercise the diaphram muscles, and to train effective posture, which both make better use of the body's energy.  In music, breath is used to play wind instruments and many aerophones. [[Laughter]], physically, is simply repeated sharp breaths. Hiccups and yawns are other breath-related phenomena.

Ancients commonly linked the breath to a life force. The [[Hebrew Bible]] refers to God breathing the breath of life into clay to make Adam a living soul ([[nephesh]], roughly "breather"). It also refers to the breath as returning to God when a mortal dies. The terms "spirit," "''qi''," and "psyche"[http://www.wordinfo.info/words/index/info/view_unit/2730/6/?spage=14&letter=P psych-, psycho-, -psyche, -psychic, -psychical, -psychically + (Greek: [[mind]], [[spirit]], [[consciousness]]; mental processes; the [[human]] [[soul]]; breath of life]

Ancients commonly linked the breath to a life force. The [[Hebrew Bible]] refers to God breathing the breath of life into clay to make Adam a living soul ([[nephesh]], roughly "breather"). It also refers to the breath as returning to God when a mortal dies. The terms "spirit," "''qi''," and "psyche"[https://www.wordinfo.info/words/index/info/view_unit/2730/6/?spage=14&letter=P psych-, psycho-, -psyche, -psychic, -psychical, -psychically + (Greek: [[mind]], [[spirit]], [[consciousness]]; mental processes; the [[human]] [[soul]]; breath of life]

 

 

==References==

==References==

==See also==

==See also==

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneuma Pneuma]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneuma Pneuma]

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prana Prana]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prana Prana]

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi Qi]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi Qi]

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirit Spirit]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirit Spirit]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]