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'''Siddhārtha Gautama''' (pronunciation:[sɪd̪.d̪ʰaːr.t̪ʰə gəʊ.t̪ə.mə), in [[Sanskrit]], or '''Siddhattha Gotama''', in [[Pali]], was a [[Spirituality|spiritual]] [[teacher]] from [[ancient India]] and the founder of [[Buddhism]].[http://www.ancientindia.co.uk/buddha/home_set.html|title=The Buddha] He is generally recognized by Buddhists as the Supreme [[Buddhahood|Buddha]] (Sammāsambuddha) of our age. The precise nature of such a supreme Buddha (pronounced: [bʊd̪.d̪ʰə)—whether "merely" human or a transcendental, [[immortal]], god-transcending being - is differently construed in [[Theravada]] and [[Mahayana]] Buddhism.Theravada tends to view him as a super-human personage of supreme teaching skill and [[wisdom]] (uncontactable after his physical [[death]]), whereas Mahayana Buddhism goes further and tends to see him as a projection of an [[eternity|eternal]], ultimate principle of Buddhahood (see [[Dharmakaya]]), present in all phenomena, immortal and transcendent. The time of his [[Childbirth|birth]] and [[death]] are uncertain: most early 20th century [[historian]]s date his lifetime from ''circa' 563 BCE to 483 BCE; more recently, however, at a specialist symposium on this question,[http://indology.info/papers/cousins|title=The Dating of the Historical Buddha: A Review Article] the majority of those scholars who presented definite opinions gave dates within 20 years either side of 400 BCE for the Buddha's death, with others supporting earlier or later dates.

'''Siddhārtha Gautama''' (pronunciation:[sɪd̪.d̪ʰaːr.t̪ʰə gəʊ.t̪ə.mə), in [[Sanskrit]], or '''Siddhattha Gotama''', in [[Pali]], was a [[Spirituality|spiritual]] [[teacher]] from [[ancient India]] and the founder of [[Buddhism]].[https://www.ancientindia.co.uk/buddha/home_set.html|title=The Buddha] He is generally recognized by Buddhists as the Supreme [[Buddhahood|Buddha]] (Sammāsambuddha) of our age. The precise nature of such a supreme Buddha (pronounced: [bʊd̪.d̪ʰə)—whether "merely" human or a transcendental, [[immortal]], god-transcending being - is differently construed in [[Theravada]] and [[Mahayana]] Buddhism.Theravada tends to view him as a super-human personage of supreme teaching skill and [[wisdom]] (uncontactable after his physical [[death]]), whereas Mahayana Buddhism goes further and tends to see him as a projection of an [[eternity|eternal]], ultimate principle of Buddhahood (see [[Dharmakaya]]), present in all phenomena, immortal and transcendent. The time of his [[Childbirth|birth]] and [[death]] are uncertain: most early 20th century [[historian]]s date his lifetime from ''circa' 563 BCE to 483 BCE; more recently, however, at a specialist symposium on this question,[https://indology.info/papers/cousins|title=The Dating of the Historical Buddha: A Review Article] the majority of those scholars who presented definite opinions gave dates within 20 years either side of 400 BCE for the Buddha's death, with others supporting earlier or later dates.

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Buddhism''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Buddhism '''''this link'''''].</center>

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Buddhism''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Buddhism '''''this link'''''].</center>

Gautama, also known as '''Śākyamuni''' (pronounced: ʃaː.kjə.mʊ.nɪ or '''Shakyamuni''' (Skt.; Pali: '''Sakyamuni'''; English: “sage of the [[Shakya]] clan”), is the key figure in Buddhism, and accounts of his life, discourses, and [[Monasticism|monastic]] rules were said to have been summarized after his death and memorized by the [[sangha]]. Passed down by [[oral tradition]], the ''[[Tipitaka]]'', the collection of teachings attributed to Gautama by the [[Theravada]], was committed to writing some centuries later.

Gautama, also known as '''Śākyamuni''' (pronounced: ʃaː.kjə.mʊ.nɪ or '''Shakyamuni''' (Skt.; Pali: '''Sakyamuni'''; English: “sage of the [[Shakya]] clan”), is the key figure in Buddhism, and accounts of his life, discourses, and [[Monasticism|monastic]] rules were said to have been summarized after his death and memorized by the [[sangha]]. Passed down by [[oral tradition]], the ''[[Tipitaka]]'', the collection of teachings attributed to Gautama by the [[Theravada]], was committed to writing some centuries later.

Siddhārtha was born more than 200 years before the reign of the [[Maurya]] king [[Ashoka the Great|Aśoka]] (273–232 BCE).

Siddhārtha was born more than 200 years before the reign of the [[Maurya]] king [[Ashoka the Great|Aśoka]] (273–232 BCE).

Siddhartha was born in [[Lumbini]][http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/lumbini.htm] and raised in the small kingdom or principality of [[Kapilavastu]]. His father was King [[Suddhodana]], the chief of the Shakya nation, one of several ancient tribes in the growing state of [[Kosala]]; Gautama was the [[family name]]. As was the Shakya tradition, when his mother Queen Maya fell pregnant, she returned to her father's kingdom to give birth, but after leaving [[Kapilvastu]], she gave birth along the way at [[Lumbini]] in a garden beneath a [[sal]] tree.

Siddhartha was born in [[Lumbini]][https://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/lumbini.htm] and raised in the small kingdom or principality of [[Kapilavastu]]. His father was King [[Suddhodana]], the chief of the Shakya nation, one of several ancient tribes in the growing state of [[Kosala]]; Gautama was the [[family name]]. As was the Shakya tradition, when his mother Queen Maya fell pregnant, she returned to her father's kingdom to give birth, but after leaving [[Kapilvastu]], she gave birth along the way at [[Lumbini]] in a garden beneath a [[sal]] tree.

The day of the Buddha's birth is widely celebrated in [[Theravada]] countries as [[Vesak]].[http://www.mrsp.mcgill.ca/reports/pdfs/Wesak.pdf] Various sources hold that the Buddha's mother died at his birth, a few days or seven days later. The infant was given the name Siddhartha (Pāli: Siddhattha), meaning “he who achieves his aim”. During the birth celebrations, the hermit [[Clairvoyance|seer]] [[Asita]] journeyed from his mountain abode and announced that the child would either become a great king ([[chakravartin]]) or a great [[Holiness|holy man]]. This occurred after Siddhartha placed his feet in Asita's hair and Asita examined the birthmarks. Suddhodarna held a naming ceremony on the fifth day, and invited eight [[brahmin]] scholars to read the future. All gave a dual prediction that the baby would either become a great king or a great holy man. [[Kaundinya]] (Pali: Kondanna), the youngest, and later to be the first [[Arhat|arahant]], was the only one who unequivocally predicted that Siddhartha would become a [[Buddhahood|Buddha]].

The day of the Buddha's birth is widely celebrated in [[Theravada]] countries as [[Vesak]].[https://www.mrsp.mcgill.ca/reports/pdfs/Wesak.pdf] Various sources hold that the Buddha's mother died at his birth, a few days or seven days later. The infant was given the name Siddhartha (Pāli: Siddhattha), meaning “he who achieves his aim”. During the birth celebrations, the hermit [[Clairvoyance|seer]] [[Asita]] journeyed from his mountain abode and announced that the child would either become a great king ([[chakravartin]]) or a great [[Holiness|holy man]]. This occurred after Siddhartha placed his feet in Asita's hair and Asita examined the birthmarks. Suddhodarna held a naming ceremony on the fifth day, and invited eight [[brahmin]] scholars to read the future. All gave a dual prediction that the baby would either become a great king or a great holy man. [[Kaundinya]] (Pali: Kondanna), the youngest, and later to be the first [[Arhat|arahant]], was the only one who unequivocally predicted that Siddhartha would become a [[Buddhahood|Buddha]].

While later tradition and legend characterized Śuddhodana as a [[hereditary]] [[monarch]], the [[Kinship and descent|descendant]] of the Solar Dynasty of Ikshvaku Ikṣvāku (Pāli: Okkāka), many scholars believe that Śuddhodana was the elected chief of a tribal confederacy.

While later tradition and legend characterized Śuddhodana as a [[hereditary]] [[monarch]], the [[Kinship and descent|descendant]] of the Solar Dynasty of Ikshvaku Ikṣvāku (Pāli: Okkāka), many scholars believe that Śuddhodana was the elected chief of a tribal confederacy.

#Carrithers 1990, p. 13

#Carrithers 1990, p. 13

#Carrithers 1990, p. 15

#Carrithers 1990, p. 15

#http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/lumbini.htm

#https://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/lumbini.htm

#Turpie, D (2001). Wesak And The Re-Creation of Buddhist Tradition. Montreal, Quebec: McGill University, 3.  

#Turpie, D (2001). Wesak And The Re-Creation of Buddhist Tradition. Montreal, Quebec: McGill University, 3.  

#Mahathera 1988, pp. 11–12

#Mahathera 1988, pp. 11–12

#Mahathera 1988, pp. 19–20

#Mahathera 1988, pp. 19–20

#Maurice Walshe, The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Dīgha Nikāya, 1995, Boston: Wisdom Publications, "[DN] 30: Lakkhaṇa Sutta: The Marks of a Great Man," pp. 441-60.

#Maurice Walshe, The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Dīgha Nikāya, 1995, Boston: Wisdom Publications, "[DN] 30: Lakkhaṇa Sutta: The Marks of a Great Man," pp. 441-60.

#Ven. Elgiriye Indaratana Maha Thera, Vandana: The Album of Pali Devotional Chanting and Hymns, 2002, pp. 49-52, retrieved 2007-11-08 from "BuddhaNet" at http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/vandana02.pdf.

#Ven. Elgiriye Indaratana Maha Thera, Vandana: The Album of Pali Devotional Chanting and Hymns, 2002, pp. 49-52, retrieved 2007-11-08 from "BuddhaNet" at https://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/vandana02.pdf.

#Mitchell, Buddhism, Oxford University Press, 2002, page 34 & table of contents

#Mitchell, Buddhism, Oxford University Press, 2002, page 34 & table of contents

#Skorupski, Buddhist Forum, vol I, Heritage, Delhi/SOAS, London, 1990, page 5; Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, vol 21 (1998), part 1, pages 4, 11

#Skorupski, Buddhist Forum, vol I, Heritage, Delhi/SOAS, London, 1990, page 5; Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, vol 21 (1998), part 1, pages 4, 11

==External links==

==External links==

* [http://www.buddhavision.com World that the Gautama Buddha saw...]

* [https://www.buddhavision.com World that the Gautama Buddha saw...]

* [http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/lifebuddha/index.htm Life of the Buddha]

* [https://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/lifebuddha/index.htm Life of the Buddha]

* [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/buddha.html A sketch of the Buddha's Life]

* [https://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/buddha.html A sketch of the Buddha's Life]

* [http://www.synaptic.bc.ca/ejournal/buddhist.htm Critical Resources: Buddha & Buddhism]

* [https://www.synaptic.bc.ca/ejournal/buddhist.htm Critical Resources: Buddha & Buddhism]

* [http://www.azibaza.com/lecture/lectures_emaciated.htm The Emaciated Gandharan Buddha Images: Asceticism, Health, and the Body]

* [https://www.azibaza.com/lecture/lectures_emaciated.htm The Emaciated Gandharan Buddha Images: Asceticism, Health, and the Body]

* [http://www.borobudur.tv/lalitavistara.htm The Lalitavistara]

* [https://www.borobudur.tv/lalitavistara.htm The Lalitavistara]

* [http://www.zilliontech.com/knowledge/lifeofbuddha.html Life of Gautama Buddha] - Free Audio Books

* [https://www.zilliontech.com/knowledge/lifeofbuddha.html Life of Gautama Buddha] - Free Audio Books

* [http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/disciples05.htm What Was The Buddha Like?] by Ven S. Dhammika

* [https://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/disciples05.htm What Was The Buddha Like?] by Ven S. Dhammika

* [http://www.qfrases.com/english/buddha.php Buddha quotes]

* [https://www.qfrases.com/english/buddha.php Buddha quotes]

* [http://allwlp.com/Misc/Buddha Buddha Images]

* [https://allwlp.com/Misc/Buddha Buddha Images]

* [http://www.what-buddha-taught.net Gautama Buddha's Dhamma]

* [https://www.what-buddha-taught.net Gautama Buddha's Dhamma]

[[Category: Religion]]

[[Category: Religion]]

[[Category: Philosophy]]

[[Category: Philosophy]]