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[[Nagarjuna]], one of the most influential Buddhist philosophers, asserted a direct connection between, even identity of, dependent origination, anatta, and śūnyatā. He pointed out that implicit in the early Buddhist concept of dependent origination is the lack of any substantial being (anatta) underlying the participants in origination, so that they have no independent existence, a state identified as emptiness (śūnyatā), or emptiness of a nature or essence (sva-bhāva). This element of Nagarjuna's thought is relatively uncontroversial, but it opens the way for his identification of [[samsara|saṃsāra]] and [[nirvana]], which was revolutionary.

[[Nagarjuna]], one of the most influential Buddhist philosophers, asserted a direct connection between, even identity of, dependent origination, anatta, and śūnyatā. He pointed out that implicit in the early Buddhist concept of dependent origination is the lack of any substantial being (anatta) underlying the participants in origination, so that they have no independent existence, a state identified as emptiness (śūnyatā), or emptiness of a nature or essence (sva-bhāva). This element of Nagarjuna's thought is relatively uncontroversial, but it opens the way for his identification of [[samsara|saṃsāra]] and [[nirvana]], which was revolutionary.

Christian Thomas Kohl: Buddhism and Quantum Physics: http://ctkohl.googlepages.com

Christian Thomas Kohl: Buddhism and Quantum Physics: https://ctkohl.googlepages.com

===Interpenetration===

===Interpenetration===

* [[Arthur Schopenhauer]]'s philosophy was very similar to Buddhism.

* [[Arthur Schopenhauer]]'s philosophy was very similar to Buddhism.

* [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]'s "word games" map closely to the warning of intellectual speculation as a [[red herring]] to understanding, such as the ''Parable of the Poison Arrow''.

* [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]'s "word games" map closely to the warning of intellectual speculation as a [[red herring]] to understanding, such as the ''Parable of the Poison Arrow''.

* [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], although himself dismissive of Buddhism as yet another nihilism, developed his philosophy of accepting life-as-it-exists and self-cultivation as extremely similar to Buddhism as better understood in the West today.<ref>http://www.westernbuddhistreview.com/vol1/god_is_dead.html</ref>

* [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], although himself dismissive of Buddhism as yet another nihilism, developed his philosophy of accepting life-as-it-exists and self-cultivation as extremely similar to Buddhism as better understood in the West today.<ref>https://www.westernbuddhistreview.com/vol1/god_is_dead.html</ref>

==References==

==References==

* Elías Capriles. ''The Four Schools of Buddhist Philosophy: Clear Discrimination of Views Pointing at the Definitive Meaning. The Four Philosophical Schools of the Sutrayana Traditionally Taught in Tibet with Reference to the Dzogchen Teachings.'' Published on the Web: [http://eliascapriles.dzogchen.ru/philosophicalschools.zip http://eliascapriles.dzogchen.ru/philosophicalschools.zip]

* Elías Capriles. ''The Four Schools of Buddhist Philosophy: Clear Discrimination of Views Pointing at the Definitive Meaning. The Four Philosophical Schools of the Sutrayana Traditionally Taught in Tibet with Reference to the Dzogchen Teachings.'' Published on the Web: [https://eliascapriles.dzogchen.ru/philosophicalschools.zip https://eliascapriles.dzogchen.ru/philosophicalschools.zip]

==Some Buddhist philosophers==

==Some Buddhist philosophers==

==External links==

==External links==

* [http://www.synaptic.bc.ca/ejournal/buddhist.htm Critical Resources: Buddha & Buddhism]

* [https://www.synaptic.bc.ca/ejournal/buddhist.htm Critical Resources: Buddha & Buddhism]

* [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/narada/nutshell.html Buddhism in a Nutshell]

* [https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/narada/nutshell.html Buddhism in a Nutshell]

* [http://www.bswa.org Hundreds of free buddhist talks and huge forum.]

* [https://www.bswa.org Hundreds of free buddhist talks and huge forum.]

* [http://www.exoticindiaart.com/article/buddha Buddha - A Hero's Journey to Nirvana]

* [https://www.exoticindiaart.com/article/buddha Buddha - A Hero's Journey to Nirvana]

* [http://www.lioncity.net/buddhism/index.php?showforum=24 Buddhist Philosophy Forum]

* [https://www.lioncity.net/buddhism/index.php?showforum=24 Buddhist Philosophy Forum]

* [http://www.forizslaszlo.com/filozofia_belepo_en.html "The Relevance of Whitehead for Contemporary Buddhist Philosophy." Panini, Nagarjuna and Whitehead.] by [http://forizslaszlo.com/ Laszlo Forizs]

* [https://www.forizslaszlo.com/filozofia_belepo_en.html "The Relevance of Whitehead for Contemporary Buddhist Philosophy." Panini, Nagarjuna and Whitehead.] by [https://forizslaszlo.com/ Laszlo Forizs]

* [http://www.iop.or.jp/0414/anand.pdf - Gandhi and Lord Buddha]

* [https://www.iop.or.jp/0414/anand.pdf - Gandhi and Lord Buddha]

* [http://ctkohl.googlepages.com  Buddhism and Quantum Physics by Christian Thomas Kohl]

* [https://ctkohl.googlepages.com  Buddhism and Quantum Physics by Christian Thomas Kohl]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: Buddhist Philosophy]]

[[Category: Buddhist Philosophy]]