Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

[[Latin]] ''castratus'', past participle of ''castrare''; akin to [[Greek]] ''keazein'' to split, [[Sanskrit]] ''śasati'' he slaughters

[[Latin]] ''castratus'', past participle of ''castrare''; akin to [[Greek]] ''keazein'' to split, [[Sanskrit]] ''śasati'' he slaughters

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1554]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1554]

==Definition==

==Definition==

*1 : to render [[impotent]] or deprive of [[vitality]] especially by [[psychological]] means

*1 : to render [[impotent]] or deprive of [[vitality]] especially by [[psychological]] means

*2 a : to deprive of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testes testes] : ''geld''

*2 a : to deprive of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testes testes] : ''geld''

:b : to deprive of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ovary ovaries] : ''spay''

:b : to deprive of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ovary ovaries] : ''spay''

==Description==

==Description==

'''Castration''' (also known as ''gonadectomy'') is any [[action]], surgical, chemical, or otherwise, by which an [[individual]] loses use of the testicles. Surgical castration is bilateral ''orchiectomy'' (excision of both [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testes testes]), and chemical castration uses pharmaceutical [[drugs]] to deactivate the testes. Castration causes [[sterilization]] (preventing the castrated person from reproducing); it also greatly reduces the production of certain [[hormones]], such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone testosterone]. Surgical castration in [[animals]] is often called neutering. The term "castration" is sometimes also used to refer to the removal of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovary ovaries] in the [[female]], otherwise known as an ''oophorectomy'' or, in animals, spaying. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen Estrogen] levels drop precipitously following oophorectomy, and long-term effects of the reduction of [[sex]] hormones are significant throughout the [[body]].

'''Castration''' (also known as ''gonadectomy'') is any [[action]], surgical, chemical, or otherwise, by which an [[individual]] loses use of the testicles. Surgical castration is bilateral ''orchiectomy'' (excision of both [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testes testes]), and chemical castration uses pharmaceutical [[drugs]] to deactivate the testes. Castration causes [[sterilization]] (preventing the castrated person from reproducing); it also greatly reduces the production of certain [[hormones]], such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone testosterone]. Surgical castration in [[animals]] is often called neutering. The term "castration" is sometimes also used to refer to the removal of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovary ovaries] in the [[female]], otherwise known as an ''oophorectomy'' or, in animals, spaying. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen Estrogen] levels drop precipitously following oophorectomy, and long-term effects of the reduction of [[sex]] hormones are significant throughout the [[body]].

Castration of non-human animals is intended to favor a desired [[development]] of the animal or of its [[habits]], as an anaphrodisiac or to prevent overpopulation.

Castration of non-human animals is intended to favor a desired [[development]] of the animal or of its [[habits]], as an anaphrodisiac or to prevent overpopulation.

"Voluntary" chemical or surgical castration has been in [[practice]] in many countries—reports are available from American and European countries in particular for over eighty years (chemical for circa thirty)—as an [[option]] for treatment for people who have broken [[laws]] of a sexual nature, allowing them to return to the [[community]] from otherwise lengthy detentions. The effectiveness and [[ethics]] of this treatment are heavily debated.

"Voluntary" chemical or surgical castration has been in [[practice]] in many countries—reports are available from American and European countries in particular for over eighty years (chemical for circa thirty)—as an [[option]] for treatment for people who have broken [[laws]] of a sexual nature, allowing them to return to the [[community]] from otherwise lengthy detentions. The effectiveness and [[ethics]] of this treatment are heavily debated.

A temporary "chemical castration" has been studied and developed as a preventive measure and [[punishment]] for several repeated sex [[crimes]], such as [[rape]] or other sexually related [[violence]]. This has also been used to punish [[homosexuality]], such as the punishment suffered by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing Alan Turing].

A temporary "chemical castration" has been studied and developed as a preventive measure and [[punishment]] for several repeated sex [[crimes]], such as [[rape]] or other sexually related [[violence]]. This has also been used to punish [[homosexuality]], such as the punishment suffered by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing Alan Turing].

[[Category: Law]]

[[Category: Law]]