102,815
edits
Changes
New page: '''Logic''' (from Classical Greek λόγος logos; meaning word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason, or principle) is the study of the principles and criteria ...
'''Logic''' (from [[Ancient Greek|Classical Greek]] λόγος [[logos]]; meaning word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason, or principle) is the study of the principles and criteria of valid [[inference]] and [[demonstration (proof)|demonstration]].
As a [[formal science]], logic investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study of [[formal system]]s of [[inference]] and through the study of arguments in natural language. The field of logic ranges from core topics such as the study of [[fallacies]] and [[paradox]]es, to specialized analysis of reasoning using [[probability]] and to arguments involving [[causality]]. Logic is also commonly used today in [[argumentation theory]]. J. Robert Cox and Charles Arthur Willard, eds. ''Advances in Argumentation Theory and Research'', Southern Illinois University Press, 1983 ISBN 0809310503, ISBN-13 978-0809310500
Traditionally, logic is studied as a branch of [[philosophy]], one part of the classical [[Trivium (education)|trivium]], which consisted of [[grammar]], logic, and [[rhetoric]]. Since the mid-nineteenth century ''formal logic'' has been studied in the context of [[foundations of mathematics]], where it was often called [[symbolic logic]]. In 1903 [[Alfred North Whitehead]] and [[Bertrand Russell]] attempted to establish logic formally as the cornerstone of mathematics with the publication of [[Principia Mathematica]]."Principia" Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, ''Principia Mathematical to *56'', Cambridge University Press, 1967, ISBN 0-521-62606-4 However, the system of Principia is no longer much used, having been largely supplanted by [[set theory]]. As the study of formal logic expanded, research no longer focused solely on foundational issues, and the study of several resulting areas of mathematics came to be called [[mathematical logic]]. The development of formal logic and its implementation in computing machinery is the foundation of [[computer science]].
[[Category: Formal Sciences]]
As a [[formal science]], logic investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study of [[formal system]]s of [[inference]] and through the study of arguments in natural language. The field of logic ranges from core topics such as the study of [[fallacies]] and [[paradox]]es, to specialized analysis of reasoning using [[probability]] and to arguments involving [[causality]]. Logic is also commonly used today in [[argumentation theory]]. J. Robert Cox and Charles Arthur Willard, eds. ''Advances in Argumentation Theory and Research'', Southern Illinois University Press, 1983 ISBN 0809310503, ISBN-13 978-0809310500
Traditionally, logic is studied as a branch of [[philosophy]], one part of the classical [[Trivium (education)|trivium]], which consisted of [[grammar]], logic, and [[rhetoric]]. Since the mid-nineteenth century ''formal logic'' has been studied in the context of [[foundations of mathematics]], where it was often called [[symbolic logic]]. In 1903 [[Alfred North Whitehead]] and [[Bertrand Russell]] attempted to establish logic formally as the cornerstone of mathematics with the publication of [[Principia Mathematica]]."Principia" Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, ''Principia Mathematical to *56'', Cambridge University Press, 1967, ISBN 0-521-62606-4 However, the system of Principia is no longer much used, having been largely supplanted by [[set theory]]. As the study of formal logic expanded, research no longer focused solely on foundational issues, and the study of several resulting areas of mathematics came to be called [[mathematical logic]]. The development of formal logic and its implementation in computing machinery is the foundation of [[computer science]].
[[Category: Formal Sciences]]