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Thus, the word collegiality can connote [[respect]] for another's commitment to the common purpose and ability to work toward it. In a narrower sense, members of the [[faculty]] of a [[university]] or college are each other's colleagues; very often the [[word]] is taken to mean that. Sometimes colleague is taken to mean a fellow member of the same [[profession]]. The word college is sometimes construed broadly to mean a [[group]] of colleagues united in a common purpose, and used in proper names, such as Electoral College or College of Cardinals.

Thus, the word collegiality can connote [[respect]] for another's commitment to the common purpose and ability to work toward it. In a narrower sense, members of the [[faculty]] of a [[university]] or college are each other's colleagues; very often the [[word]] is taken to mean that. Sometimes colleague is taken to mean a fellow member of the same [[profession]]. The word college is sometimes construed broadly to mean a [[group]] of colleagues united in a common purpose, and used in proper names, such as Electoral College or College of Cardinals.

[[Sociologists]] of organizations use the [[word]] collegiality in a technical sense, to create a contrast with the concept of [[bureaucracy]]. [[Authors]] such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber Max Weber] consider collegiality as an organizational device used by [[autocrats]] to prevent experts and [[professionals]] from challenging monocratic and sometimes [[arbitrary]] powers. More recently, authors such as Eliot Freidson (USA), Malcolm Waters (Australia) and Emmanuel Lazega (France) have shown that collegiality can now be understood as a full fledged organizational form. This is especially useful to account for [[coordination]] in [[knowledge]] intensive organizations in which [[interdependent]] members jointly [[perform]] non routine tasks -an increasingly frequent form of coordination in knowledge economies. A specific social [[discipline]] comes attached to this organizational form, a [[discipline]] described in terms of niche seeking, [[status]] competition, lateral [[control]], and [[power]] among [[peers]] in corporate [[law]] [[partnerships]], in dioceses, in scientific laboratories, etc. This view of collegiality is obviously very different from the [[ideology]] of collegiality stressing mainly [[trust]] and [[sharing]] in the collegium.

[[Sociologists]] of organizations use the [[word]] collegiality in a technical sense, to create a contrast with the concept of [[bureaucracy]]. [[Authors]] such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber Max Weber] consider collegiality as an organizational device used by [[autocrats]] to prevent experts and [[professionals]] from challenging monocratic and sometimes [[arbitrary]] powers. More recently, authors such as Eliot Freidson (USA), Malcolm Waters (Australia) and Emmanuel Lazega (France) have shown that collegiality can now be understood as a full fledged organizational form. This is especially useful to account for [[coordination]] in [[knowledge]] intensive organizations in which [[interdependent]] members jointly [[perform]] non routine tasks -an increasingly frequent form of coordination in knowledge economies. A specific social [[discipline]] comes attached to this organizational form, a [[discipline]] described in terms of niche seeking, [[status]] competition, lateral [[control]], and [[power]] among [[peers]] in corporate [[law]] [[partnerships]], in dioceses, in scientific laboratories, etc. This view of collegiality is obviously very different from the [[ideology]] of collegiality stressing mainly [[trust]] and [[sharing]] in the collegium.

==Roman collegiality==

==Roman collegiality==

In the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic Roman Republic], collegiality was the [[practice]] of having at least two people, and always an even [[number]], in each magistrate position of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Senate Roman Senate]. Reasons were to divide [[power]] and [[responsibilities]] among several people, both to prevent the rise of another king and to ensure more productive magistrates. Examples of Roman collegiality include the two consuls and censors; six praetors; eight quaestors; four aediles; ten tribunes and decemviri, etc.

In the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic Roman Republic], collegiality was the [[practice]] of having at least two people, and always an even [[number]], in each magistrate position of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Senate Roman Senate]. Reasons were to divide [[power]] and [[responsibilities]] among several people, both to prevent the rise of another king and to ensure more productive magistrates. Examples of Roman collegiality include the two consuls and censors; six praetors; eight quaestors; four aediles; ten tribunes and decemviri, etc.

There were several notable exceptions: the prestigious, but largely ceremonial (and lacking [[imperium]]) positions of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifex_maximus pontifex maximus] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps_senatus princeps senatus] held one [[person]] each; the extraordinary magistrates of Dictator and Magister Equitum were also one person each; and there were three [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumviri triumviri].

There were several notable exceptions: the prestigious, but largely ceremonial (and lacking [[imperium]]) positions of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifex_maximus pontifex maximus] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps_senatus princeps senatus] held one [[person]] each; the extraordinary magistrates of Dictator and Magister Equitum were also one person each; and there were three [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumviri triumviri].

[[Category: Sociology]]

[[Category: Sociology]]