13,094
edits
Changes
mLine 3:
Line 3: − + Line 9:
Line 9: + + − Coma may result from a variety of conditions, including [[intoxication]] (such as illicit [[drug]] [[abuse]], overdose or misuse of over the counter medications, prescribed medication, or controlled substances), metabolic abnormalities, central [[nervous system]] [[diseases]], acute neurologic [[injuries]] such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke strokes] or herniations, hypoxia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia or traumatic [[injuries]] such as head [[trauma]] caused by falls or vehicle collisions. It may also be [[deliberately]] induced by pharmaceutical agents in order to preserve higher [[brain]] functions following brain [[trauma]], or to save the patient from [[extreme]] pain during [[healing]] of [[injuries]] or [[diseases]].+ − −
Text replacement - "http://" to "https://"
==Origin==
==Origin==
New [[Latin]], from [[Greek]] kōma deep [[sleep]]
New [[Latin]], from [[Greek]] kōma deep [[sleep]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1646]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1646]
==Definitions==
==Definitions==
*1: a [[state]] of [[profound]] [[unconsciousness]] caused by [[disease]], [[injury]], or [[poison]]
*1: a [[state]] of [[profound]] [[unconsciousness]] caused by [[disease]], [[injury]], or [[poison]]
==Description==
==Description==
In [[medicine]], a '''coma''' (from the [[Greek]] κῶμα koma, meaning [[deep]] [[sleep]]) is a state of unconsciousness, lasting more than 6 hours in which a [[person]] cannot be [[awakened]], fails to [[respond]] normally to [[painful]] stimuli, [[light]] or [[sound]], lacks a [[normal]] [[sleep]]-[[wake]] [[cycle]] and does not initiate [[voluntary]] [[actions]]. A [[person]] in a state of coma is described as ''comatose''. Glasgow Coma Scale, a [[person]] with [[confusion]] is considered to be in the mildest coma.
In [[medicine]], a '''coma''' (from the [[Greek]] κῶμα koma, meaning [[deep]] [[sleep]]) is a state of unconsciousness, lasting more than 6 hours in which a [[person]] cannot be [[awakened]], fails to [[respond]] normally to [[painful]] stimuli, [[light]] or [[sound]], lacks a [[normal]] [[sleep]]-[[wake]] [[cycle]] and does not initiate [[voluntary]] [[actions]]. A [[person]] in a state of coma is described as ''comatose''. Glasgow Coma Scale, a [[person]] with [[confusion]] is considered to be in the mildest coma.
<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Coma''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Coma '''''this link'''''].</center>
Coma may result from a variety of conditions, including [[intoxication]] (such as illicit [[drug]] [[abuse]], overdose or misuse of over the counter medications, prescribed medication, or controlled substances), metabolic abnormalities, central [[nervous system]] [[diseases]], acute neurologic [[injuries]] such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke strokes] or herniations, hypoxia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia or traumatic [[injuries]] such as head [[trauma]] caused by falls or vehicle collisions. It may also be [[deliberately]] induced by pharmaceutical agents in order to preserve higher [[brain]] functions following brain [[trauma]], or to save the patient from [[extreme]] pain during [[healing]] of [[injuries]] or [[diseases]].
In order for a patient to maintain [[consciousness]], two important neurological components must [[function]] impeccably. The first is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_cortex cerebral cortex] which is the gray matter covering the outer layer of the [[brain]], and the other is a structure located in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstem brainstem], called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticular_activating_system reticular activating system] (RAS or ARAS). [[Injury]] to either or both of these components is sufficient to [[cause]] a patient to [[experience]] a ''coma''. The human cortex is a group of tightly dense, "gray matter" composed of the [[nucleus]] of the [[neurons]] whose axons then form the "white matter", and is [[responsible]] for the [[perception]] of the [[universe]], relay of the sensory input (sensation) via the thalamic pathway, and most importantly directly or indirectly in charge of all the neurological functions, from simple [[reflexes]] to [[complex]] [[thinking]]. Reticular activating system (RAS) on the other hand is a more [[primitive]] [[structure]] in the brainstem that is tightly in connection with reticular formation (RF), a critical anatomical structure needed for [[maintenance]] of arousal. Reticular activating system (RAS) takes its name from the [[effect]] it has on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticular_formation reticular formation], which is via its stimulation. It is therefore [[necessary]] to investigate in a comatose patient, the [[integrity]] of the bilateral cerebral cortices, and the reticular activating system (RAS).[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma]
In order for a patient to maintain [[consciousness]], two important neurological components must [[function]] impeccably. The first is the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_cortex cerebral cortex] which is the gray matter covering the outer layer of the [[brain]], and the other is a structure located in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstem brainstem], called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticular_activating_system reticular activating system] (RAS or ARAS). [[Injury]] to either or both of these components is sufficient to [[cause]] a patient to [[experience]] a ''coma''. The human cortex is a group of tightly dense, "gray matter" composed of the [[nucleus]] of the [[neurons]] whose axons then form the "white matter", and is [[responsible]] for the [[perception]] of the [[universe]], relay of the sensory input (sensation) via the thalamic pathway, and most importantly directly or indirectly in charge of all the neurological functions, from simple [[reflexes]] to [[complex]] [[thinking]]. Reticular activating system (RAS) on the other hand is a more [[primitive]] [[structure]] in the brainstem that is tightly in connection with reticular formation (RF), a critical anatomical structure needed for [[maintenance]] of arousal. Reticular activating system (RAS) takes its name from the [[effect]] it has on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticular_formation reticular formation], which is via its stimulation. It is therefore [[necessary]] to investigate in a comatose patient, the [[integrity]] of the bilateral cerebral cortices, and the reticular activating system (RAS).[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma]
[[Category: Health]]
[[Category: Health]]