Difference between revisions of "Combustion"
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[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Combustion.jpg|right|frame]] | [[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Combustion.jpg|right|frame]] | ||
| − | *Date: [ | + | *Date: [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_Century 15th century] |
==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
*1 : an [[act]] or instance of burning | *1 : an [[act]] or instance of burning | ||
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*3 : [[violent]] agitation : tumult | *3 : [[violent]] agitation : tumult | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| − | '''Combustion''' or burning is the [[sequence]] of [ | + | '''Combustion''' or burning is the [[sequence]] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic exothermic] [[chemical]] [[reactions]] between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of [[heat]] and [[conversion]] of [[chemical]] [[species]]. The release of [[heat]] can result in the production of [[light]] in the form of either [[glowing]] or a [[flame]]. Fuels of interest often include organic compounds (especially hydrocarbons) in the [[gas]], [[liquid]] or [[solid]] [[phase]]. |
| − | In a complete combustion [[reaction]], a compound reacts with an oxidizing [[element]], such as [ | + | In a complete combustion [[reaction]], a compound reacts with an oxidizing [[element]], such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen oxygen] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorine fluorine], and the products are compounds of each [[element]] in the fuel with the oxidizing element. For example: |
:CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + [[energy]] | :CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + [[energy]] | ||
:CH2S + 6F2 → CF4 + 2HF + SF6 | :CH2S + 6F2 → CF4 + 2HF + SF6 | ||
| − | A simple example can be seen in the combustion of [ | + | A simple example can be seen in the combustion of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen hydrogen] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen oxygen], which is a commonly used [[reaction]] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_engines rocket engines]: |
:2H2 + O2 → 2H2O(g) + [[heat]] | :2H2 + O2 → 2H2O(g) + [[heat]] | ||
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The result is [[water]] vapor. | The result is [[water]] vapor. | ||
| − | Complete combustion is almost impossible to [[achieve]]. In [[reality]], as [[actual]] combustion [[reactions]] come to [[equilibrium]], a wide variety of major and minor species will be present such as [ | + | Complete combustion is almost impossible to [[achieve]]. In [[reality]], as [[actual]] combustion [[reactions]] come to [[equilibrium]], a wide variety of major and minor species will be present such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide carbon monoxide] and pure [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon carbon] (soot or ash). Additionally, any combustion in [[air]], which is 78% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen nitrogen], will also create several forms of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxides nitrogen oxides].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion] |
[[Category: Chemistry]] | [[Category: Chemistry]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:42, 12 December 2020
- Date: 15th century
Definitions
- 1 : an act or instance of burning
- 2 : a usually rapid chemical process (as oxidation) that produces heat and usually light; also : a slower oxidation (as in the body)
- 3 : violent agitation : tumult
Description
Combustion or burning is the sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species. The release of heat can result in the production of light in the form of either glowing or a flame. Fuels of interest often include organic compounds (especially hydrocarbons) in the gas, liquid or solid phase.
In a complete combustion reaction, a compound reacts with an oxidizing element, such as oxygen or fluorine, and the products are compounds of each element in the fuel with the oxidizing element. For example:
- CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + energy
- CH2S + 6F2 → CF4 + 2HF + SF6
A simple example can be seen in the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen, which is a commonly used reaction in rocket engines:
- 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O(g) + heat
The result is water vapor.
Complete combustion is almost impossible to achieve. In reality, as actual combustion reactions come to equilibrium, a wide variety of major and minor species will be present such as carbon monoxide and pure carbon (soot or ash). Additionally, any combustion in air, which is 78% nitrogen, will also create several forms of nitrogen oxides.[1]
