Difference between revisions of "Copernican Revolution"
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[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Apparent_retrograde_motion.gif|center|frame|<center>Motion of [[Sun]], [[Earth]], and Mars according to heliocentrism (left) and to geocentrism (right), before the Copernican-Galilean-Newtonian revolution. Note the retrograde motion of Mars on the right. Yellow dot, Sun; blue, Earth; red, Mars.</center>]] | [[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Apparent_retrograde_motion.gif|center|frame|<center>Motion of [[Sun]], [[Earth]], and Mars according to heliocentrism (left) and to geocentrism (right), before the Copernican-Galilean-Newtonian revolution. Note the retrograde motion of Mars on the right. Yellow dot, Sun; blue, Earth; red, Mars.</center>]] | ||
| − | The '''Copernican Revolution''' was the [[paradigm]] shift from the [ | + | The '''Copernican Revolution''' was the [[paradigm]] shift from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_system Ptolemaic model] of the heavens, which described the [[cosmos]] as having Earth stationary at the [[center]] of the universe, to the heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the '''Solar System'''. Beginning with the publication of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_revolutionibus_orbium_coelestium Nicolaus Copernicus’s ''De revolutionibus orbium coelestium''], contributions to the “revolution” continued until finally ending with [[Isaac Newton]]’s work over a century later. |
| − | His book ''De revolutionibus orbium coelestium'' proposed a heliocentric system versus the widely accepted geocentric system of that time. [ | + | His book ''De revolutionibus orbium coelestium'' proposed a heliocentric system versus the widely accepted geocentric system of that time. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tycho_Brahe Tycho Brahe] accepted Copernicus's model but reasserted geocentricity. However, Tycho challenged the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotelianism Aristotelian model] when he observed a [[comet]] that went through the region of the planets. This region was said to only have uniform circular [[motion]] on solid spheres, which meant that it would be impossible for a comet to enter into the area. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotelianism Johannes Kepler] followed Tycho and developed the three laws of planetary motion. Kepler would not have been able to produce his laws without the observations of Tycho, because they allowed Kepler to prove that [[planets]] traveled in [[ellipses]], and that the Sun does not sit directly in the [[center]] of an orbit but off to the side. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo Galileo Galilei] came after Kepler and developed his own [[telescope]] with enough magnification to allow him to study [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus Venus] and discover that it has phases like a [[moon]]. The discovery of the phases of Venus was one of the more influential reasons for the [[transition]] from geocentrism to heliocentrism. Sir [[Isaac Newton]]'s Principia concluded the Copernican Revolution. The development of his laws of planetary [[motion]] and [[universal]] [[gravitation]] explained the presumed motion related to the heavens by asserting a gravitational force of [[attraction]] between two objects. |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| − | *'''''[ | + | *'''''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentrism Heliocentrism]''''' |
[[Category: Cosmology]] | [[Category: Cosmology]] | ||
[[Category: Astronomy]] | [[Category: Astronomy]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:43, 12 December 2020
The Copernican Revolution was the paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens, which described the cosmos as having Earth stationary at the center of the universe, to the heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Beginning with the publication of Nicolaus Copernicus’s De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, contributions to the “revolution” continued until finally ending with Isaac Newton’s work over a century later.
His book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium proposed a heliocentric system versus the widely accepted geocentric system of that time. Tycho Brahe accepted Copernicus's model but reasserted geocentricity. However, Tycho challenged the Aristotelian model when he observed a comet that went through the region of the planets. This region was said to only have uniform circular motion on solid spheres, which meant that it would be impossible for a comet to enter into the area. Johannes Kepler followed Tycho and developed the three laws of planetary motion. Kepler would not have been able to produce his laws without the observations of Tycho, because they allowed Kepler to prove that planets traveled in ellipses, and that the Sun does not sit directly in the center of an orbit but off to the side. Galileo Galilei came after Kepler and developed his own telescope with enough magnification to allow him to study Venus and discover that it has phases like a moon. The discovery of the phases of Venus was one of the more influential reasons for the transition from geocentrism to heliocentrism. Sir Isaac Newton's Principia concluded the Copernican Revolution. The development of his laws of planetary motion and universal gravitation explained the presumed motion related to the heavens by asserting a gravitational force of attraction between two objects.
