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'''Courage''', also known as bravery, will, intrepidity, and fortitude, is the ability to confront [[fear]], [[pain]], risk/danger, [[uncertainty]], or intimidation. "[[Physical]] courage" is courage in the face of physical pain, hardship, or threat of [[death]], while "moral courage" is the ability to [[act]] faithfully in the face of popular opposition, [[shame]], scandal, or discouragement.

'''Courage''', also known as bravery, will, intrepidity, and fortitude, is the ability to confront [[fear]], [[pain]], risk/danger, [[uncertainty]], or intimidation. "[[Physical]] courage" is courage in the face of physical pain, hardship, or threat of [[death]], while "moral courage" is the ability to [[act]] faithfully in the face of popular opposition, [[shame]], scandal, or discouragement.

==Theories of courage==\

 

 

==Theories of courage==

===Western Antiquity and Middle Ages===

===Western Antiquity and Middle Ages===

As a [[virtue]], courage is discussed extensively in Aristotle's ''Nicomachean Ethics'', where its vice of deficiency is cowardice and its vice of excess are recklessness.[1]

As a [[virtue]], courage is discussed extensively in Aristotle's ''Nicomachean Ethics'', where its vice of deficiency is cowardice and its vice of excess are recklessness.[1]

# Carter, Richard. "Celebrating Ernest Hemingway's Century". neh.gov. National Endowment for the Humanities. Retrieved 2009-06-19.

# Carter, Richard. "Celebrating Ernest Hemingway's Century". neh.gov. National Endowment for the Humanities. Retrieved 2009-06-19.

==References==

==References==

8Catholic Encyclopedia "Fortitude"

*Catholic Encyclopedia "Fortitude"

*Summa Theologica "Second Part of the Second Part" See Questions 123-140

*Summa Theologica "Second Part of the Second Part" See Questions 123-140

*Ernest Becker, The Denial of Death (New York: The Free Press, 1973).

*Ernest Becker, The Denial of Death (New York: The Free Press, 1973).

*Douglas N. Walton, Courage: A philosophical investigation (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986).

*Douglas N. Walton, Courage: A philosophical investigation (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986).

*Stephen Palmquist, "Angst and the Paradox of Courage" [1], Chapter XII in The Tree of Philosophy (Hong Kong: Philopsychy Press, 2000)

*Stephen Palmquist, "Angst and the Paradox of Courage" [1], Chapter XII in The Tree of Philosophy (Hong Kong: Philopsychy Press, 2000)

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]