Changes

==Etymology==

==Etymology==

[http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] egre, from Anglo-French egre, aigre, from [[Latin]] acer (edge)

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English] egre, from Anglo-French egre, aigre, from [[Latin]] acer (edge)

*Date: [http://www.wikpedia.org/wiki/14th_Century 14th century]

*Date: [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Century 14th century]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1 a archaic : sharp  

*1 a archaic : sharp  

==Hormesis==

==Hormesis==

[[File:Hormesis.jpg|right|frame]]

[[File:Hormesis.jpg|right|frame]]

''Hormesis'' (from Greek hórmēsis "rapid [[motion]], '''eagerness'''," from ancient [[Greek]] hormáein "to set in [[motion]], impel, urge on") is the term for generally-favorable [[biological]] [[responses]] to low exposures to toxins and other [[stress]]ors. A pollutant or toxin showing hormesis thus has the opposite [[effect]] in small doses as in large doses. A related concept is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithridatism Mithridatism], which refers to the willful [[exposure]] to toxins in an attempt to develop [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity immunity] against them.

''Hormesis'' (from Greek hórmēsis "rapid [[motion]], '''eagerness'''," from ancient [[Greek]] hormáein "to set in [[motion]], impel, urge on") is the term for generally-favorable [[biological]] [[responses]] to low exposures to toxins and other [[stress]]ors. A pollutant or toxin showing hormesis thus has the opposite [[effect]] in small doses as in large doses. A related concept is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithridatism Mithridatism], which refers to the willful [[exposure]] to toxins in an attempt to develop [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity immunity] against them.

In toxicology, hormesis is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_response dose response] [[phenomenon]] characterized by a low dose stimulation, high dose inhibition, resulting in either a J-shaped or an inverted U-shaped dose response. Such environmental factors that would seem to produce positive responses have also been termed “[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eustress eustress]”.

In toxicology, hormesis is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_response dose response] [[phenomenon]] characterized by a low dose stimulation, high dose inhibition, resulting in either a J-shaped or an inverted U-shaped dose response. Such environmental factors that would seem to produce positive responses have also been termed “[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eustress eustress]”.

However, whether hormesis is common or important is [[controversial]]. At least one [[peer]]-reviewed [[article]] accepts the idea, claiming that over 600 substances show a U-shaped [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose-response dose-response] [[relationship]]. Calaberese and Baldwin wrote:

However, whether hormesis is common or important is [[controversial]]. At least one [[peer]]-reviewed [[article]] accepts the idea, claiming that over 600 substances show a U-shaped [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose-response dose-response] [[relationship]]. Calaberese and Baldwin wrote:

<blockquote>One percent (195 out of 20,285) of the published articles contained 668 dose-response relationships that met the entry criteria.</blockquote>

<blockquote>One percent (195 out of 20,285) of the published articles contained 668 dose-response relationships that met the entry criteria.</blockquote>

The [http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry biochemical] [[mechanisms]] by which ''hormesis'' works are not well [[understood]]. It is conjectured that low doses of toxins or other [[stress]]ors might [[activate]] the repair [[mechanisms]] of the [[body]]. The repair [[process]] fixes not only the damage caused by the toxin, but also other low-level damage that might have accumulated before without triggering the repair [[mechanism]].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormesis]

The [https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry biochemical] [[mechanisms]] by which ''hormesis'' works are not well [[understood]]. It is conjectured that low doses of toxins or other [[stress]]ors might [[activate]] the repair [[mechanisms]] of the [[body]]. The repair [[process]] fixes not only the damage caused by the toxin, but also other low-level damage that might have accumulated before without triggering the repair [[mechanism]].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormesis]

[[Category: Psychology]]

[[Category: Psychology]]

[[Category: Biology]]

[[Category: Biology]]