Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

The [[English]] term "empiric" derives from the [[Greek]] word ἐμπειρία, which is cognate with and [[translates]] to the [[Latin]] ''experientia'', from which we derive the word "[[experience]]" and the related "[[experiment]]". The term was used of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiric_school Empiric school] of ancient Greek medical practitioners, who [[rejected]] the [[doctrines]] of the ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogmatic_school Dogmatic school]), preferring to rely on the [[observation]] of [[phenomena]].

The [[English]] term "empiric" derives from the [[Greek]] word ἐμπειρία, which is cognate with and [[translates]] to the [[Latin]] ''experientia'', from which we derive the word "[[experience]]" and the related "[[experiment]]". The term was used of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiric_school Empiric school] of ancient Greek medical practitioners, who [[rejected]] the [[doctrines]] of the ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogmatic_school Dogmatic school]), preferring to rely on the [[observation]] of [[phenomena]].

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1657]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1657]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1a : a former [[school]] of [[medical]] [[practice]] founded on [[experience]] without the aid of [[science]] or [[theory]]  

*1a : a former [[school]] of [[medical]] [[practice]] founded on [[experience]] without the aid of [[science]] or [[theory]]  

*3: a [[theory]] that all [[knowledge]] originates in [[experience]]

*3: a [[theory]] that all [[knowledge]] originates in [[experience]]

==Description==

==Description==

'''Empiricism''' is a [[theory]] of [[knowledge]] that asserts that knowledge comes only or primarily via [[sensory]] [[experience]]. One of several views of [[epistemology]], the study of human [[knowledge]], along with [[rationalism]], [[idealism]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historicism historicism], empiricism emphasizes the role of [[experience]] and [[evidence]], especially [[sensory]] [[perception]], in the formation of [[ideas]], over the notion of innate [[ideas]] or [[traditions]].

'''Empiricism''' is a [[theory]] of [[knowledge]] that asserts that knowledge comes only or primarily via [[sensory]] [[experience]]. One of several views of [[epistemology]], the study of human [[knowledge]], along with [[rationalism]], [[idealism]] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historicism historicism], empiricism emphasizes the role of [[experience]] and [[evidence]], especially [[sensory]] [[perception]], in the formation of [[ideas]], over the notion of innate [[ideas]] or [[traditions]].

Empiricism in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_science philosophy of science] emphasizes [[evidence]], especially as discovered in [[experiments]]. It is a fundamental part of the [[scientific method]] that all [[hypotheses]] and [[theories]] must be tested against [[observations]] of the natural world rather than resting solely on [[a priori]] reasoning, [[intuition]], or [[revelation]].

Empiricism in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_science philosophy of science] emphasizes [[evidence]], especially as discovered in [[experiments]]. It is a fundamental part of the [[scientific method]] that all [[hypotheses]] and [[theories]] must be tested against [[observations]] of the natural world rather than resting solely on [[a priori]] reasoning, [[intuition]], or [[revelation]].

A central [[concept]] in [[science]] and the [[scientific method]] is that it must be empirically based on the [[evidence]] of the [[senses]]. Both natural and [[social sciences]] use working [[hypotheses]] that are testable by [[observation]] and [[experiment]]. The term semi-empirical is sometimes used to describe [[theoretical]] methods that make use of basic [[axioms]], established scientific laws, and previous experimental results in order to [[engage]] in reasoned model building and theoretical [[inquiry]].

A central [[concept]] in [[science]] and the [[scientific method]] is that it must be empirically based on the [[evidence]] of the [[senses]]. Both natural and [[social sciences]] use working [[hypotheses]] that are testable by [[observation]] and [[experiment]]. The term semi-empirical is sometimes used to describe [[theoretical]] methods that make use of basic [[axioms]], established scientific laws, and previous experimental results in order to [[engage]] in reasoned model building and theoretical [[inquiry]].

Philosophical empiricists hold no [[knowledge]] to be properly inferred or deduced unless it is derived from one's [[sense]]-based [[experience]]. This view is commonly [[contrasted]] with [[rationalism]], which asserts that [[knowledge]] may be derived from reason independently of the [[senses]]. For example [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke John Locke] held that some [[knowledge]] (e.g. knowledge of [[God]]'s [[existence]]) could be arrived at through [[intuition]] and reasoning alone. Similarly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Boyle Robert Boyle], a prominent advocate of the [[experimental]] [[method]], held that we have innate [[ideas]]. The main continental rationalists ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descartes Descartes], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinoza Spinoza], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz Leibniz]) were also advocates of the empirical "scientific method". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricism]

Philosophical empiricists hold no [[knowledge]] to be properly inferred or deduced unless it is derived from one's [[sense]]-based [[experience]]. This view is commonly [[contrasted]] with [[rationalism]], which asserts that [[knowledge]] may be derived from reason independently of the [[senses]]. For example [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke John Locke] held that some [[knowledge]] (e.g. knowledge of [[God]]'s [[existence]]) could be arrived at through [[intuition]] and reasoning alone. Similarly [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Boyle Robert Boyle], a prominent advocate of the [[experimental]] [[method]], held that we have innate [[ideas]]. The main continental rationalists ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descartes Descartes], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinoza Spinoza], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz Leibniz]) were also advocates of the empirical "scientific method". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricism]

[[Category: Philosophy]]

[[Category: Philosophy]]