Changes

[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Forgery.jpg|right|frame]]

[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Forgery.jpg|right|frame]]

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1583]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century 1583]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1archaic : [[invention]]

*1archaic : [[invention]]

*3: an act of forging; especially : the [[crime]] of falsely and [[fraudulently]] making or altering a [[document]] (as a check)  

*3: an act of forging; especially : the [[crime]] of falsely and [[fraudulently]] making or altering a [[document]] (as a check)  

==Description==

==Description==

'''Forgery''' is the [[process]] of making, [[adapting]], or imitating objects, [[statistics]], or [[documents]] with the intent to [[deceive]]. Copies, studio replicas, and reproductions are not considered forgeries, though they may later become forgeries through knowing and willful misrepresentations. Forging [[money]] or currency is more often called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterfeiting counterfeiting]. But consumer goods may also be counterfeits if they are not manufactured or produced by the designated manufacture or producer given on the label or flagged by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark trademark] [[symbol]]. When the object forged is a record or [[document]] it is often called a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_document false document].

'''Forgery''' is the [[process]] of making, [[adapting]], or imitating objects, [[statistics]], or [[documents]] with the intent to [[deceive]]. Copies, studio replicas, and reproductions are not considered forgeries, though they may later become forgeries through knowing and willful misrepresentations. Forging [[money]] or currency is more often called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterfeiting counterfeiting]. But consumer goods may also be counterfeits if they are not manufactured or produced by the designated manufacture or producer given on the label or flagged by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark trademark] [[symbol]]. When the object forged is a record or [[document]] it is often called a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_document false document].

This usage of "forgery" does not derive from metalwork done at a forge, but it has a [[parallel]] [[history]]. A sense of "to counterfeit" is already in the Anglo-French verb forger, meaning "falsify."

This usage of "forgery" does not derive from metalwork done at a forge, but it has a [[parallel]] [[history]]. A sense of "to counterfeit" is already in the Anglo-French verb forger, meaning "falsify."

A ''forgery'' is essentially concerned with a produced or altered object. Where the prime concern of a ''forgery'' is less [[focused]] on the object itself – what it is [[worth]] or what it "proves" – than on a tacit [[statement]] of criticism that is [[revealed]] by the [[reactions]] the object provokes in others, then the larger process is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoax hoax]. In a hoax, a [[rumor]] or a genuine object planted in a concocted situation, may substitute for a forged physical object.

A ''forgery'' is essentially concerned with a produced or altered object. Where the prime concern of a ''forgery'' is less [[focused]] on the object itself – what it is [[worth]] or what it "proves" – than on a tacit [[statement]] of criticism that is [[revealed]] by the [[reactions]] the object provokes in others, then the larger process is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoax hoax]. In a hoax, a [[rumor]] or a genuine object planted in a concocted situation, may substitute for a forged physical object.

The similar [[crime]] of [[fraud]] is the crime of [[deceiving]] another, including through the use of objects obtained through ''forgery''. Forgery is one of the [[techniques]] of fraud, including [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_theft identity theft]. Forgery is one of the threats addressed by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_engineering security engineering].

The similar [[crime]] of [[fraud]] is the crime of [[deceiving]] another, including through the use of objects obtained through ''forgery''. Forgery is one of the [[techniques]] of fraud, including [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_theft identity theft]. Forgery is one of the threats addressed by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_engineering security engineering].

In the 16th century, imitators of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer Albrecht Dürer]'s style of printmaking improved the [[market]] for their own prints by signing them "AD", making them forgeries. In the 20th century the art market made forgeries highly profitable. There are widespread forgeries of especially valued artists, such as drawings originally by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso Pablo Picasso], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Klee Paul Klee], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Matisse Henri Matisse].

In the 16th century, imitators of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer Albrecht Dürer]'s style of printmaking improved the [[market]] for their own prints by signing them "AD", making them forgeries. In the 20th century the art market made forgeries highly profitable. There are widespread forgeries of especially valued artists, such as drawings originally by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso Pablo Picasso], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Klee Paul Klee], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Matisse Henri Matisse].

A special case of double forgery is the forging of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermeer Vermeer]'s paintings by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_van_Meegeren Han van Meegeren], and in its turn the forging of Van Meegeren's work by his son [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_van_Meegeren Jacques van Meegeren].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgery]

A special case of double forgery is the forging of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermeer Vermeer]'s paintings by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_van_Meegeren Han van Meegeren], and in its turn the forging of Van Meegeren's work by his son [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_van_Meegeren Jacques van Meegeren].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgery]

[[Category: Law]]

[[Category: Law]]