Changes

==History==

==History==

===Early 20th Century===

===Early 20th Century===

The emergence, [[growth]], and entrenchment of fundamentalism as an active [[ideological]] stance in the course of the twentieth century became a major source of social and cultural controversy within the United States. As the twentieth century began, the effects of modernism and secularism on American culture produced a growing sense of alarm among conservative [[Protestants]], who believed that these innovations threatened to undermine the [[traditional]] [[values]] and [[moral]] [[authority]] of evangelical Christianity. They responded by reasserting their unyielding commitment to certain fundamental [[beliefs]], such as the [[divine]] [[authorship]] and [[literal]] [[truth]] of the [[Bible]], and by working to ensure the survival of those beliefs in American institutions and [[public]] life. By the 1920s, this [[movement]] came to be known as fundamentalism, and, since that time, its views have permeated swathes of the social and cultural fabric of [[America]]. The fundamentalists' stand against innovations in [[theology]] and their strict adherence to Biblical [[doctrine]] have repeatedly placed them in conflict with mainstream trends in American popular culture—not only in [[religion]], but in the realms of [[education]], [[politics]], [[entertainment]], and [[the arts]]. In resisting such trends, fundamentalists have also engaged in various forms of activism, from [[public]] [[demonstration]] to political organization, and in the [[process]] have made their influence felt throughout American [[society]].

The emergence, [[growth]], and entrenchment of fundamentalism as an active [[ideological]] stance in the course of the twentieth century became a major source of social and cultural controversy within the United States. As the twentieth century began, the effects of modernism and secularism on American culture produced a growing sense of alarm among conservative [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism Protestants], who believed that these innovations threatened to undermine the [[traditional]] [[values]] and [[moral]] [[authority]] of evangelical Christianity. They responded by reasserting their unyielding commitment to certain fundamental [[beliefs]], such as the [[divine]] [[authorship]] and [[literal]] [[truth]] of the [[Bible]], and by working to ensure the survival of those beliefs in American institutions and [[public]] life. By the 1920s, this [[movement]] came to be known as fundamentalism, and, since that time, its views have permeated swathes of the social and cultural fabric of [[America]]. The fundamentalists' stand against innovations in [[theology]] and their strict adherence to Biblical [[doctrine]] have repeatedly placed them in conflict with mainstream trends in American popular culture—not only in [[religion]], but in the realms of [[education]], [[politics]], [[entertainment]], and [[the arts]]. In resisting such trends, fundamentalists have also engaged in various forms of activism, from [[public]] [[demonstration]] to political organization, and in the [[process]] have made their influence felt throughout American [[society]].

 

===Denominational Origins===

===Denominational Origins===

The fundamentalist [[movement]] originated within the [[evangelical]] Protestant churches, particularly among [[Baptists]] and [[Presbyterians]]. An emphasis on revivalism and the [[conversion]] [[experience]] had contributed to the rapid [[growth]] of the evangelical churches during the 1800s, and by the end of the century they defined the [[mainstream]] of religious life in the United States. As they grew, however, these [[groups]] found it increasingly difficult to maintain a denominational consensus on certain theological issues. One major source of controversy was the doctrine of biblical inerrancy, which asserted that the [[Bible]] is [[literally]] true in every detail. Liberal adherents of the evangelical churches gradually abandoned this [[doctrine]], arguing that the Bible must be reinterpreted within the [[context]] of contemporary [[thought]]. In their view, for example, the biblical account of [[creation]] could not be taken literally because it conflicted with the findings of modern [[science]]. Conservatives, on the other hand, rejected modernist revisions of the [[meaning]] of [[scripture]], holding to the [[idea]] that the Bible contains [[fact]]ual [[truth]], and believing that to say otherwise undermined the certainties of their [[faith]].

The fundamentalist [[movement]] originated within the [[evangelical]] Protestant churches, particularly among [[Baptists]] and [[Presbyterians]]. An emphasis on revivalism and the [[conversion]] [[experience]] had contributed to the rapid [[growth]] of the evangelical churches during the 1800s, and by the end of the century they defined the [[mainstream]] of religious life in the United States. As they grew, however, these [[groups]] found it increasingly difficult to maintain a denominational consensus on certain theological issues. One major source of controversy was the doctrine of biblical inerrancy, which asserted that the [[Bible]] is [[literally]] true in every detail. Liberal adherents of the evangelical churches gradually abandoned this [[doctrine]], arguing that the Bible must be reinterpreted within the [[context]] of contemporary [[thought]]. In their view, for example, the biblical account of [[creation]] could not be taken literally because it conflicted with the findings of modern [[science]]. Conservatives, on the other hand, rejected modernist revisions of the [[meaning]] of [[scripture]], holding to the [[idea]] that the Bible contains [[fact]]ual [[truth]], and believing that to say otherwise undermined the certainties of their [[faith]].