Difference between revisions of "Garden of Eden"
m (Text replacement - "http://nordan.daynal.org" to "https://nordan.daynal.org") |
m (Text replacement - "http://" to "https://") |
||
| Line 35: | Line 35: | ||
The text asserts that the Garden was planted in the eastern part of the region known as Eden, and that in Eden, the river divided into four branches: Hiddekel (also known as [[Tigris]]), [[Euphrates]], [[Pishon]] and [[Gihon]]. While the identity of the first two is commonly accepted, the latter two rivers have been the subject of much debate. If the Garden of Eden had been near the sources of the Tigris and the Euphrates, then it might be located in eastern [[Anatolia]], specifically the [[Armenian Highland]] in eastern Turkey. | The text asserts that the Garden was planted in the eastern part of the region known as Eden, and that in Eden, the river divided into four branches: Hiddekel (also known as [[Tigris]]), [[Euphrates]], [[Pishon]] and [[Gihon]]. While the identity of the first two is commonly accepted, the latter two rivers have been the subject of much debate. If the Garden of Eden had been near the sources of the Tigris and the Euphrates, then it might be located in eastern [[Anatolia]], specifically the [[Armenian Highland]] in eastern Turkey. | ||
| − | Michael Sanders, director of expeditions for the Mysteries of the Bible Research Foundation, in Irvine, California, says that the Garden of Eden is in eastern [[Turkey]], because the Tigris and Euphrates take their source in the mountains there. Sanders identifies the 4 rivers of Eden as the [[Murat River]], the Tigris, the Euphrates, and the north fork of the Euphrates. In support of this, Sanders cites a satellite image showing that "a river rises out of Eden and divides into four".[ | + | Michael Sanders, director of expeditions for the Mysteries of the Bible Research Foundation, in Irvine, California, says that the Garden of Eden is in eastern [[Turkey]], because the Tigris and Euphrates take their source in the mountains there. Sanders identifies the 4 rivers of Eden as the [[Murat River]], the Tigris, the Euphrates, and the north fork of the Euphrates. In support of this, Sanders cites a satellite image showing that "a river rises out of Eden and divides into four".[https://www.biblemysteries.com/library/edennorth.htm Satellite image] This is centred at approximately 38|33|25.0|N|39|12|0.0|E| |
In [[Assyria]]n records, there is mention of a "[[Beth Eden]]" (House of Eden), a small [[Aramaean]] state, located on the bend of the Euphrates River just south of [[Carchemish]], in the vicinity of Urfa and Harran (Turkey) at approximately 36|55|N|38|00|E|. | In [[Assyria]]n records, there is mention of a "[[Beth Eden]]" (House of Eden), a small [[Aramaean]] state, located on the bend of the Euphrates River just south of [[Carchemish]], in the vicinity of Urfa and Harran (Turkey) at approximately 36|55|N|38|00|E|. | ||
==== Northern Mesopotamia==== | ==== Northern Mesopotamia==== | ||
| − | Eden has a brief mention in [[II Kings]] at 19:12, [ | + | Eden has a brief mention in [[II Kings]] at 19:12, [https://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/kjv/kg2019.htm], |
:''Have the gods of the nations delivered them which my fathers have destroyed; as [[Gozan]], and [[Haran]], and [[Rezeph]], and the children of '''Eden''' which were in [[Thelasar]]?'' | :''Have the gods of the nations delivered them which my fathers have destroyed; as [[Gozan]], and [[Haran]], and [[Rezeph]], and the children of '''Eden''' which were in [[Thelasar]]?'' | ||
| Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
==== Southern Mesopotamia and The Persian Gulf ==== | ==== Southern Mesopotamia and The Persian Gulf ==== | ||
| − | Satellite photos reveal two dry riverbeds flowing toward the [[Persian Gulf]] near where the Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia also terminate. This would account for four easterly flowing rivers. [[Archaeology|Archaeologist]] [[Juris Zarins]] claimed that the Garden of Eden was situated at the head of the Persian Gulf, where the [[Tigris]] and [[Euphrates]] Rivers run into the sea at {{coor dms|29|47|0|N|48|38|0|E|}}, from his research on this area using information from many different sources, including [[Landsat]] images from space. In this theory, the Bible’s [[Gihon|Gihon River]] would correspond with the [[Al-Qurnah]] in Iraq, and the [[Pishon|Pishon River]] would correspond to the [[Wadi Al-Batin]] river system (also now called the [[Kuwait River]]) that 2,500-3000 years ago drained the now dry, but once quite fertile central part of the Arabian Peninsula from the [[Hijaz mountains]] 600 miles to the South West. This theory is supported by C. A. Salabach [ | + | Satellite photos reveal two dry riverbeds flowing toward the [[Persian Gulf]] near where the Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia also terminate. This would account for four easterly flowing rivers. [[Archaeology|Archaeologist]] [[Juris Zarins]] claimed that the Garden of Eden was situated at the head of the Persian Gulf, where the [[Tigris]] and [[Euphrates]] Rivers run into the sea at {{coor dms|29|47|0|N|48|38|0|E|}}, from his research on this area using information from many different sources, including [[Landsat]] images from space. In this theory, the Bible’s [[Gihon|Gihon River]] would correspond with the [[Al-Qurnah]] in Iraq, and the [[Pishon|Pishon River]] would correspond to the [[Wadi Al-Batin]] river system (also now called the [[Kuwait River]]) that 2,500-3000 years ago drained the now dry, but once quite fertile central part of the Arabian Peninsula from the [[Hijaz mountains]] 600 miles to the South West. This theory is supported by C. A. Salabach [https://focusmagazine.org/Articles/pishonriver.htm The Pishon River - Found. by C.A. Salabach at Focus Magazine]. |
| − | Genesis 2:10-14 also states that ''"the name of the first is Pison: that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone."'' In the Biblical [[Table of Nations]], Havilah is associated with Arabia but without a specific location being identified. The [[Mahd adh Dhahab|Cradle of Gold]] at [[Mahd adh Dhahab]] in the Hijaz mountains is the primary gold area of the peninsula. The Hijaz region also produces [[bdellium]], a gum associated with [[myrrh]] or [[guggul]] plant.[ | + | Genesis 2:10-14 also states that ''"the name of the first is Pison: that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone."'' In the Biblical [[Table of Nations]], Havilah is associated with Arabia but without a specific location being identified. The [[Mahd adh Dhahab|Cradle of Gold]] at [[Mahd adh Dhahab]] in the Hijaz mountains is the primary gold area of the peninsula. The Hijaz region also produces [[bdellium]], a gum associated with [[myrrh]] or [[guggul]] plant.[https://focusmagazine.org/Articles/pishonriver.htm The Pishon River - Found. by C.A. Salabach at Focus Magazine]. |
A corresponding theory is that the "there" or "thence" of verse 10 references greater Eden and not the garden, and that the description is of looking upriver from the garden into Eden and that from "there/thence" the river "separates" or "diverges" [Heb פרד = PRD] into four separate rivers. Following each of these upstream, past the various lands, leads you to their headwaters. Rejected is the commonly held idea of a fifth unnamed river from an unstated source that divides into four separate paths. This theory also puts the Garden of Eden in the vicinity of the northern end of the [[Persian Gulf]], supporting the theory of Zarins. | A corresponding theory is that the "there" or "thence" of verse 10 references greater Eden and not the garden, and that the description is of looking upriver from the garden into Eden and that from "there/thence" the river "separates" or "diverges" [Heb פרד = PRD] into four separate rivers. Following each of these upstream, past the various lands, leads you to their headwaters. Rejected is the commonly held idea of a fifth unnamed river from an unstated source that divides into four separate paths. This theory also puts the Garden of Eden in the vicinity of the northern end of the [[Persian Gulf]], supporting the theory of Zarins. | ||
| Line 65: | Line 65: | ||
In Jerusalem, there is a water spring called Gihon. This is said to be a part of an underground river<ref>Michas, Peter. ''The Rod of an Almond Tree in God's Master Plan''. Wine Pr. Publishing, 2nd edition (1997). ISBN 1579210074</ref> (though this claim has been disputed), which would link this spring to the Gihon River of Eden. | In Jerusalem, there is a water spring called Gihon. This is said to be a part of an underground river<ref>Michas, Peter. ''The Rod of an Almond Tree in God's Master Plan''. Wine Pr. Publishing, 2nd edition (1997). ISBN 1579210074</ref> (though this claim has been disputed), which would link this spring to the Gihon River of Eden. | ||
| − | Eden is also tied with Jerusalem by the prophet Ezekiel. In [ | + | Eden is also tied with Jerusalem by the prophet Ezekiel. In [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ez.%2028:13-14;&version=49 Ezekiel 28:13-14], he recorded, "You were in Eden, the garden of God;" ... "You were on the holy mount of God." In most Jewish and Christian traditions, "the holy mount of God" is Mt. Moriah, the Temple Mount in Jerusalem (see (Isaiah|2:2-2:3), (Psalm|48:1-2) e.g.). Furthermore, Ezekiel records a vision of a rebuilt [[Temple in Jerusalem]] with a river flowing from under its threshold ([https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ez.%2047:1-12;&version=49 47:1-12]) towards the Dead Sea, bringing life to that which is dead. Because of its supernatural nature, this river has been associated with the "river of life"<ref>Kaplan, Aryeh. ''Waters of Eden.'' National Conference of Synagogue Youth of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America. (1982). ASIN B0006YQYN2 in Eden (the river which watered and flowed from Eden). [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2021:1-22:5;&version=49 Revelation 21:1-22:5] in Christian scripture records a similar vision of a "river of life" and "trees of life" that heal in a new Jerusalem, just as there was a river of life and tree of life in Eden. |
Finally, Jewish and Christian tradition see symbolism within the Temple, which once stood in Jerusalem and can only be rebuilt in Jerusalem, which connects it to Eden; the [[Menorah (Temple)|menorah]] as the tree of life, for example. | Finally, Jewish and Christian tradition see symbolism within the Temple, which once stood in Jerusalem and can only be rebuilt in Jerusalem, which connects it to Eden; the [[Menorah (Temple)|menorah]] as the tree of life, for example. | ||
| Line 85: | Line 85: | ||
====Latter Day Saints' geography ==== | ====Latter Day Saints' geography ==== | ||
| − | For members of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (also known as the [[Mormons]] or Latter Day Saints), the Garden of Eden is believed to have been located in present-day [[Jackson County, Missouri]] according to [[Joseph Smith, Jr.]]<ref>Bruce A. Van Orden, [ | + | For members of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (also known as the [[Mormons]] or Latter Day Saints), the Garden of Eden is believed to have been located in present-day [[Jackson County, Missouri]] according to [[Joseph Smith, Jr.]]<ref>Bruce A. Van Orden, [https://lds.org/portal/site/LDSOrg/menuitem.b12f9d18fae655bb69095bd3e44916a0/?vgnextoid=2354fccf2b7db010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD&locale=0&sourceId=ba4e425e0848b010VgnVCM1000004d82620a____&hideNav=1]“I Have a Question: What do we know about the location of the Garden of Eden?”], ''Ensign'', Jan. 1994, 54–55; see also [[Andrew Jenson]], ''Historical Record'', 7:438-39 (1888); [[Orson F. Whitney]], ''Life of Heber C. Kimball'', Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 219 (1967); [[Joseph Fielding Smith]], [[Bruce R. McConkie]] (ed.) ''Doctrines of Salvation'', Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 3:74 (1954-56); Heber C. Kimball, "Advancement of the Saints", ''Journal of Discourses'' 10:235 (1863); ''Journal History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints'', [[Brigham Young]] to [[Orson Hyde]], March 15, 1857 (1830- ); [[Wilford Woodruff]], Susan Staker (ed.), ''Waiting for the World to End: The Diaries of Wilford Woodruff'', Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 305 (1993); [[John A. Widtsoe]], [[G. Homer Durham]] (ed.), ''Evidences and Reconciliations'', 396-397 (1960) Independence, Missouri was revealed to be the "center place" of [[Zion]] and the original dwelling place of Adam and Eve in the Garden which God planted "eastward in Eden".<ref>[https://scriptures.lds.org/en/dc/57/1-3#1 Doctrine & Covenants 57:1-3]; Bruce R. McConkie, ''Mormon Doctrine'', Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 19-20 </ref><ref> Moses 3:8</ref> According to Joseph Smith, Adam and Eve traveled 85 miles north to the valley of [[Adam-ondi-Ahman]] after they had transgressed and were driven from the Garden. ''Deseret News'', 10-25, 1895 (Letter Benjamin F. Johnson)</ref> (Adam-ondi-Ahman is sometimes mistakenly associated with the location of the garden itself). As for its location in the western hemisphere, some Latter-day Saints have presumed the continents were not yet separate before the Great Flood See, e.g., Mark E. Petersen, ''Noah and the Flood'', 78 and that this approach would be consistent with the configuration of the super-continent [[Pangaea]].<ref>Frank B. Salisbury, ''The Creation'', Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 176 (1976). While geologists consider that the continents had separated by the [[Cretaceous]] period, some Latter-day Saints and other Christians have pointed to the account in [[Genesis]] which states that the earth was "divided" in the days of [[Peleg]].Genesis 10:25. |
| − | In the ''[[Pearl of Great Price (Latter Day Saints)|Pearl of Great Price]]'', it is claimed that there were lands and rivers that were given names later attached to other lands and rivers as in the Book of Genesis. [ | + | In the ''[[Pearl of Great Price (Latter Day Saints)|Pearl of Great Price]]'', it is claimed that there were lands and rivers that were given names later attached to other lands and rivers as in the Book of Genesis. [https://scriptures.lds.org/en/moses/3/13a Moses 3:10-14]. The geographic descriptions of Eden in the [[Bible]] would therefore refer to entirely different lands and rivers than those carrying the same names today, whose names were transposed after the biblical flood to local lands and rivers in the Near East. By one account Joseph Smith taught that Noah built the ark near modern-day [[South Carolina]] "...according to the words of the Prophet Joseph, mankind in that age continued to emigrate eastwardly until they reached the country on or near the Atlantic coast; and that in or near Carolina Noah built his remarkable ship, in which he, his family, and all kinds of animals lived a few days over one year without coming out of it." (Oliver B. Huntington, ''The Juvenile Instructor'' (November 15, 1895, pp. 700-701) "The place or country where Noah's ark was built was designated in my hearing by the Prophet Joseph Smith as being in or near South Carolina." (Oliver B. Huntington journal excerpt in Hyrum L. Andrus and Helen Mae Andrus, comps., ''They Knew the Prophet'' [Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1974], 65.) . Thus, it is argued, the offspring of Noah populated the eastern hemisphere. See also: ''Journal of Discourses'' 11:336-337; Alvin R. Dyer, ''The Refiner's Fire'', 111, 167; Bruce R. McConkie, ''Millennial Messiah: The Second Coming of the Son of Man'', 622; Genesis 2:13, 15, 22; [https://scriptures.lds.org/en/dc/116 D&C 116]; [https://scriptures.lds.org/en/dc/117/8-9#8 D&C 117:8-9]. Matthias F. Cowley, Wilford Woodruff: History of his Life and Labors, Bookcraft, p. 481 |
== Eden as paradise == | == Eden as paradise == | ||
| Line 134: | Line 134: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| − | * [ | + | * [https://academic-genealogy.com/ancientandmoderngenealogies.htm Online book notes the Garden of Eden was located on what is now the North American continent.] |
| − | * [ | + | * [https://www.ldolphin.org/eden/ Smithsonian article on the geography of the Tigris-Euphrates region] |
| − | * [ | + | * [https://www.mega.nu/ampp/eden/overview.html Eden as a precursor of political utopianism] |
| − | * [ | + | * [https://www.answersincreation.org/after_eden.htm Review of the Young Earth Creationist Book "After Eden"] |
| − | * [ | + | * [https://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2001/0125eden_found.asp Tas Walker "Has the Garden of Eden Been Found?"] |
| − | * [ | + | * [https://bible.cc/2_kings/19-12.htm Many translations of II Kings 19:12] |
[[Category: General Reference]] | [[Category: General Reference]] | ||
[[Category: Cosmology]] | [[Category: Cosmology]] | ||
[[Category: Religion]] | [[Category: Religion]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:04, 13 December 2020
The Garden of Eden (from גַּן עֵדֶן) is described in the Book of Genesis as being the place where the first man, Adam, and his wife, Eve, lived after they were created by God. This garden forms part of the creation story and theodicy of the Abrahamic religions.
The creation story in Genesis relates the geographical location of both Eden and the garden to four rivers (Pishon, Gihon, Tigris, Euphrates), and three regions (Havilah, Assyria, and Cush [often translated as Ethiopia]Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag (though this claim has been disputed), which would link this spring to the Gihon River of Eden.
Eden is also tied with Jerusalem by the prophet Ezekiel. In Ezekiel 28:13-14, he recorded, "You were in Eden, the garden of God;" ... "You were on the holy mount of God." In most Jewish and Christian traditions, "the holy mount of God" is Mt. Moriah, the Temple Mount in Jerusalem (see (Isaiah|2:2-2:3), (Psalm|48:1-2) e.g.). Furthermore, Ezekiel records a vision of a rebuilt Temple in Jerusalem with a river flowing from under its threshold (47:1-12) towards the Dead Sea, bringing life to that which is dead. Because of its supernatural nature, this river has been associated with the "river of life"Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag[1] According to Joseph Smith, Adam and Eve traveled 85 miles north to the valley of Adam-ondi-Ahman after they had transgressed and were driven from the Garden. Deseret News, 10-25, 1895 (Letter Benjamin F. Johnson)</ref> (Adam-ondi-Ahman is sometimes mistakenly associated with the location of the garden itself). As for its location in the western hemisphere, some Latter-day Saints have presumed the continents were not yet separate before the Great Flood See, e.g., Mark E. Petersen, Noah and the Flood, 78 and that this approach would be consistent with the configuration of the super-continent Pangaea.<ref>Frank B. Salisbury, The Creation, Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 176 (1976). While geologists consider that the continents had separated by the Cretaceous period, some Latter-day Saints and other Christians have pointed to the account in Genesis which states that the earth was "divided" in the days of Peleg.Genesis 10:25.
In the Pearl of Great Price, it is claimed that there were lands and rivers that were given names later attached to other lands and rivers as in the Book of Genesis. Moses 3:10-14. The geographic descriptions of Eden in the Bible would therefore refer to entirely different lands and rivers than those carrying the same names today, whose names were transposed after the biblical flood to local lands and rivers in the Near East. By one account Joseph Smith taught that Noah built the ark near modern-day South Carolina "...according to the words of the Prophet Joseph, mankind in that age continued to emigrate eastwardly until they reached the country on or near the Atlantic coast; and that in or near Carolina Noah built his remarkable ship, in which he, his family, and all kinds of animals lived a few days over one year without coming out of it." (Oliver B. Huntington, The Juvenile Instructor (November 15, 1895, pp. 700-701) "The place or country where Noah's ark was built was designated in my hearing by the Prophet Joseph Smith as being in or near South Carolina." (Oliver B. Huntington journal excerpt in Hyrum L. Andrus and Helen Mae Andrus, comps., They Knew the Prophet [Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1974], 65.) . Thus, it is argued, the offspring of Noah populated the eastern hemisphere. See also: Journal of Discourses 11:336-337; Alvin R. Dyer, The Refiner's Fire, 111, 167; Bruce R. McConkie, Millennial Messiah: The Second Coming of the Son of Man, 622; Genesis 2:13, 15, 22; D&C 116; D&C 117:8-9. Matthias F. Cowley, Wilford Woodruff: History of his Life and Labors, Bookcraft, p. 481
Eden as paradise
"Paradise" (Hebrew פרדס PaRDeS) used as a synonym for the Garden of Eden shares a number of characteristics with words for 'walled orchard garden' or 'enclosed hunting park' in an ancient Persian language. This word "paradise" occurs three times in the Old Testament, but always in contexts other than a connection with Eden: in the Song of Solomon iv. 13: "Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard" ;Ecclesiastes 2. 5: "I made me gardens and orchards, and I planted trees in them of all kind of fruits";and in Nehemiah ii. 8: "And a letter unto Asaph the keeper of the king's orchard, that he may give me timber to make beams for the gates of the palace which appertained to the house, and for the wall of the city, and for the house that I shall enter into. And the king granted me, according to the good hand of my God upon me. ". In the Song of Solomon, it is clearly "garden;" in the second and third examples "park." In the post-Exilic apocalyptic literature and in the Talmud, "paradise" gains its associations with the Garden of Eden and its heavenly prototype. In the Pauline Christian New Testament, there is an association of "paradise" with the realm of the blessed (as opposed to the realm of the cursed) among those who have already died, with literary Hellenistic influences observed by numerous scholars. The Greek Garden of the Hesperides was somewhat similar to the Christian concept of the Garden of Eden, and by the 16th century a larger intellectual association was made in a Cranach painting. In his painting, only the action that takes place there identifies the setting as distinct from the Garden of the Hesperides, with its golden fruit.
Alan Millard has hypothesized that the Garden of Eden does not represent a geographical place, but rather represents cultural memory of "simpler times", when man lived off God's bounty (as "primitive" hunters and gatherers still do) as opposed to toiling at agriculture (being "civilized"). The Etymology of Eden, Vetus Testamentum|volume=34|issue=1|pps. 103-106) Of course there is much dispute between Judeo-Christian and secular scholars as to the plausibility of this idea - the refuting claim being that cultivation and agricultural work were present both before and after the "Garden Life".
The Second Book of Enoch, of late but uncertain date, states that both Paradise and Hell are accommodated in the third sphere of heaven, Shehaqim, with Hell being located simply " on the northern side:" see Seventh Heaven.
Eden as a Kingdom
The structure and order defined by God in the Garden of Eden is also believed to have been the early structure for the Kingdom of God. Immediately following the creation of Man, God commands them to "fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature that moves on the ground" Gen|1:28. The obvious references to domination are important to the Christian view of Man's relation to nature and Man's role in the Kingdom of God.
Later, in Chapter 3, the "Fall of Man" is followed by the pronouncement of a curse. This curse contains references to the enmity between the Kingdom and its subjects—as had been described in 1:28—that would affect the kingdom unto the present day: "I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers." which is immediately followed by a statement foretelling the future reign of Jesus and his restoration of the perfect kingdom, "he will crush your head, and you will strike his heel" Gen|3:15.
Eden in art
Garden of Eden motifs most frequently portrayed in illuminated manuscripts and paintings are the "Sleep of Adam" ("Creation of Eve"), the "Temptation of Eve" by the Serpent, the "Fall of Man" where Adam takes the fruit, and the "Expulsion". The idyll of "Naming Day in Eden" was less often depicted. Much of Milton's Paradise Lost occurs in the Garden of Eden. Also, in the film Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, Captain Spock has a painting hanging in his room he calls "Expulsion from Paradise", depicting Adam and Eve being expelled from Eden. He explains to a fellow member of the crew that it is a personal reminder that all things must end.
See also
References
- "Ethiopia" is used as the name for Cush in the King James Version and the Douay-Rheims Bible
- Random House Webster's College Dictionary (1992) New York:Random House.
- a b A. R. Millard (January 1984). "The Etymology of Eden". Vetus Testamentum 34 (1): 103-106.
- Satellite image
- The Pishon River - Found. by C.A. Salabach at Focus Magazine
- The Pishon River - Found. by C.A. Salabach at Focus Magazine
- Kaplan, Aryeh. Jerusalem Eye of the Universe. Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America. (1993). ISBN 1879016125, for example
- Michas, Peter. The Rod of an Almond Tree in God's Master Plan. Wine Pr. Publishing, 2nd edition (1997). ISBN 1579210074
- Kaplan, Aryeh. Waters of Eden. National Conference of Synagogue Youth of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America. (1982). ASIN B0006YQYN2
- Bruce A. Van Orden, “I Have a Question: What do we know about the location of the Garden of Eden?”, Ensign, Jan. 1994, 54–55; see also Andrew Jenson, Historical Record, 7:438-39 (1888); Orson F. Whitney, Life of Heber C. Kimball, Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 219 (1967); Joseph Fielding Smith, Bruce R. McConkie (ed.) Doctrines of Salvation, Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 3:74 (1954-56); Heber C. Kimball, "Advancement of the Saints", Journal of Discourses 10:235 (1863); Journal History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Brigham Young to Orson Hyde, March 15, 1857 (1830- ); Wilford Woodruff, Susan Staker (ed.), Waiting for the World to End: The Diaries of Wilford Woodruff, Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 305 (1993); John A. Widtsoe, G. Homer Durham (ed.), Evidences and Reconciliations, 396-397 (1960)
- Doctrine & Covenants 57:1-3; Bruce R. McConkie, Mormon Doctrine, Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 19-20
- Moses 3:8
- Deseret News, 10-25, 1895 (Letter Benjamin F. Johnson)
- See, e.g., Mark E. Petersen, Noah and the Flood, 78
- Frank B. Salisbury, The Creation, Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 176 (1976).
- Genesis 10:25.
- Moses 3:10-14.
- ...according to the words of the Prophet Joseph, mankind in that age continued to emigrate eastwardly until they reached the country on or near the Atlantic coast; and that in or near Carolina Noah built his remarkable ship, in which he, his family, and all kinds of animals lived a few days over one year without coming out of it." (Oliver B. Huntington, The Juvenile Instructor (November 15, 1895, pp. 700-701)
- "The place or country where Noah's ark was built was designated in my hearing by the Prophet Joseph Smith as being in or near South Carolina." (Oliver B. Huntington journal excerpt in Hyrum L. Andrus and Helen Mae Andrus, comps., They Knew the Prophet [Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1974], 65.)
- See also: Journal of Discourses 11:336-337; Alvin R. Dyer, The Refiner's Fire, 111, 167; Bruce R. McConkie, Millennial Messiah: The Second Coming of the Son of Man, 622; Genesis 2:13, 15, 22; D&C 116; D&C 117:8-9. Matthias F. Cowley, Wilford Woodruff: History of his Life and Labors, Bookcraft, p. 481
External links
- Online book notes the Garden of Eden was located on what is now the North American continent.
- Smithsonian article on the geography of the Tigris-Euphrates region
- Eden as a precursor of political utopianism
- Review of the Young Earth Creationist Book "After Eden"
- Tas Walker "Has the Garden of Eden Been Found?"
- Many translations of II Kings 19:12
- ↑ Moses 3:8
