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Although difficult to [[quantify]], genius refers to a level of aptitude, capability or achievement which exceeds even that of most other exceptional contemporaries in the same field. The normal distribution suggests that the term might be applied to [[phenomena]] ranked in the top .1%, i.e. three standard deviations or greater, among [[peers]]. In psychology, the inventor of the first IQ tests, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Binet Alfred Binet], applied the term, to the top .1% of those tested.[2][3] This usage of the term is closely related to the general [[concept]] of [[intelligence]].

Although difficult to [[quantify]], genius refers to a level of aptitude, capability or achievement which exceeds even that of most other exceptional contemporaries in the same field. The normal distribution suggests that the term might be applied to [[phenomena]] ranked in the top .1%, i.e. three standard deviations or greater, among [[peers]]. In psychology, the inventor of the first IQ tests, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Binet Alfred Binet], applied the term, to the top .1% of those tested.[2][3] This usage of the term is closely related to the general [[concept]] of [[intelligence]].

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Genius''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Genius '''''this link'''''].</center>

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Genius''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Genius '''''this link'''''].</center>

==Historical development==

==Historical development==

Intelligence testing was invented by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Galton Francis Galton] and James McKeen Cattell, who had advocated reaction [[time]] and sensory acuity as [[measures]] of "neurophysiological efficiency" and that latter concept as a measure of [[intelligence]].[5] By intelligence they meant a heritable trait, which was a general intelligence factor. Galton is regarded as the founder of psychometrics (among other kinds of metrics, such as fingerprinting), He was a fan of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin Charles Darwin], who showed that traits must be inherited before [[evolution]] can occur. [[Reasoning]] that eminence is caused by genetic traits he did a [[study]] of their heritability, publishing it in 1869 as ''Hereditary Genius''. His method was to count and assess the eminent relatives of eminent men. He found that the number of eminent relatives is greater with closer degree of kinship, indicating to him (since then debated) that a genetic trait is present in an eminent line of descent that is not present in other lines.

Intelligence testing was invented by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Galton Francis Galton] and James McKeen Cattell, who had advocated reaction [[time]] and sensory acuity as [[measures]] of "neurophysiological efficiency" and that latter concept as a measure of [[intelligence]].[5] By intelligence they meant a heritable trait, which was a general intelligence factor. Galton is regarded as the founder of psychometrics (among other kinds of metrics, such as fingerprinting), He was a fan of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin Charles Darwin], who showed that traits must be inherited before [[evolution]] can occur. [[Reasoning]] that eminence is caused by genetic traits he did a [[study]] of their heritability, publishing it in 1869 as ''Hereditary Genius''. His method was to count and assess the eminent relatives of eminent men. He found that the number of eminent relatives is greater with closer degree of kinship, indicating to him (since then debated) that a genetic trait is present in an eminent line of descent that is not present in other lines.