Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

Back-formation from ''gridiron''

Back-formation from ''gridiron''

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1839]

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1839]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1: grating

*1: grating

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<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Grid'''''(s), follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Grid '''''this link'''''].</center>

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Grid'''''(s), follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Grid '''''this link'''''].</center>

==Description==

==Description==

'''Grid''' usually refers to a [[network]], and should not be taken to imply a particular [[physical]] layout or breadth. Grid may also be used to refer to an entire [[continent]]'s [[electrical]] network, a regional transmission network or may be used to describe a subnetwork such as a local utility's transmission grid or distribution grid.

'''Grid''' usually refers to a [[network]], and should not be taken to imply a particular [[physical]] layout or breadth. Grid may also be used to refer to an entire [[continent]]'s [[electrical]] network, a regional transmission network or may be used to describe a subnetwork such as a local utility's transmission grid or distribution grid.

The [[electrical]] grid is [[expected]] to evolve to a new grid paradigm--[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_grid smart grid], an enhancement of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_century 20th century] electrical grid. The [[traditional]] electrical grids are generally used to carry [[power]] from a few central generators to a large number of users or customers. In [[contrast]], the new emerging ''smart grid'' uses two-way [[flows]] of electricity and [[information]] to create an [[automated]] and distributed advanced energy delivery network.

The [[electrical]] grid is [[expected]] to evolve to a new grid paradigm--[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_grid smart grid], an enhancement of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_century 20th century] electrical grid. The [[traditional]] electrical grids are generally used to carry [[power]] from a few central generators to a large number of users or customers. In [[contrast]], the new emerging ''smart grid'' uses two-way [[flows]] of electricity and [[information]] to create an [[automated]] and distributed advanced energy delivery network.

Many [[research]] projects have been conducted to [[explore]] the concept of ''smart grid''. According to a newest survey on smart grid, the research is mainly [[focused]] on three systems in smart grid- the [[infrastructure]] system, the [[management]] system, and the [[protection]] system.

Many [[research]] projects have been conducted to [[explore]] the concept of ''smart grid''. According to a newest survey on smart grid, the research is mainly [[focused]] on three systems in smart grid- the [[infrastructure]] system, the [[management]] system, and the [[protection]] system.

The infrastructure system is the [[energy]], [[information]], and [[communication]] infrastructure underlying of the smart grid that supports 1) advanced electricity generation, delivery, and [[consumption]]; 2) advanced [[information]] metering, monitoring, and management; and 3) advanced [[communication]] technologies. In the [[transition]] from the conventional power grid to smart grid, we will replace a [[physical]] infrastructure with a digital one. The needs and [[changes]] present the power industry with one of the biggest [[challenges]] it has ever faced.

The infrastructure system is the [[energy]], [[information]], and [[communication]] infrastructure underlying of the smart grid that supports 1) advanced electricity generation, delivery, and [[consumption]]; 2) advanced [[information]] metering, monitoring, and management; and 3) advanced [[communication]] technologies. In the [[transition]] from the conventional power grid to smart grid, we will replace a [[physical]] infrastructure with a digital one. The needs and [[changes]] present the power industry with one of the biggest [[challenges]] it has ever faced.

The management system is the subsystem in ''smart grid'' that provides advanced management and [[control]] services. Most of the existing works aim to improve [[energy]] [[efficiency]], demand profile, utility, cost, and emission, based on the [[infrastructure]] by using optimization, [[machine]] learning, and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory game theory]. Within the advanced infrastructure framework of smart grid, more and more new management services and applications are expected to emerge and [[eventually]] revolutionize consumers' daily lives.

The management system is the subsystem in ''smart grid'' that provides advanced management and [[control]] services. Most of the existing works aim to improve [[energy]] [[efficiency]], demand profile, utility, cost, and emission, based on the [[infrastructure]] by using optimization, [[machine]] learning, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory game theory]. Within the advanced infrastructure framework of smart grid, more and more new management services and applications are expected to emerge and [[eventually]] revolutionize consumers' daily lives.

The [[protection]] system is the subsystem in smart grid that provides advanced grid reliability [[analysis]], [[failure]] protection, and [[security]] and [[privacy]] protection services. We must note that the advanced [[infrastructure]] used in ''smart grid'' on one hand empowers us to realize more powerful [[mechanisms]] to defend against attacks and handle failures, but on the other hand, opens up many new vulnerabilities. For example,[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIST NIST] pointed out that the major benefit provided by smart grid, i.e. the ability to get richer [[data]] to and from customer smart meters and other electric devices, is also its Achilles' heel from a [[privacy]] viewpoint. The obvious privacy concern is that the energy use [[information]] stored at the meter acts as an information rich side [[channel]]. This information can be mined and retrieved by interested parties to reveal [[personal]] [[information]] such as individual's [[habits]], [[behaviors]], activities, and even [[beliefs]].[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_%28electricity%29]

The [[protection]] system is the subsystem in smart grid that provides advanced grid reliability [[analysis]], [[failure]] protection, and [[security]] and [[privacy]] protection services. We must note that the advanced [[infrastructure]] used in ''smart grid'' on one hand empowers us to realize more powerful [[mechanisms]] to defend against attacks and handle failures, but on the other hand, opens up many new vulnerabilities. For example,[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIST NIST] pointed out that the major benefit provided by smart grid, i.e. the ability to get richer [[data]] to and from customer smart meters and other electric devices, is also its Achilles' heel from a [[privacy]] viewpoint. The obvious privacy concern is that the energy use [[information]] stored at the meter acts as an information rich side [[channel]]. This information can be mined and retrieved by interested parties to reveal [[personal]] [[information]] such as individual's [[habits]], [[behaviors]], activities, and even [[beliefs]].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_%28electricity%29]

[[Category: Physics]]

[[Category: Physics]]