Changes

[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Vitruvian_man_2.jpg|right]]

[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Vitruvian_man_2.jpg|right]]

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1832]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1832]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1a : [[devotion]] to the [[humanities]] : literary [[culture]]  

*1a : [[devotion]] to the [[humanities]] : literary [[culture]]  

'''Humanism''' is an approach in [[study]], [[philosophy]], or [[practice]] that [[focuses]] on [[human]] [[values]] and concerns. The term can mean several things, for example:

'''Humanism''' is an approach in [[study]], [[philosophy]], or [[practice]] that [[focuses]] on [[human]] [[values]] and concerns. The term can mean several things, for example:

*1. A historical [[movement]] associated especially with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Renaissance Italian Renaissance].

*1. A historical [[movement]] associated especially with the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Renaissance Italian Renaissance].

*2. An approach to [[education]] that uses literary means or a focus on the [[humanities]] to inform [[students]].

*2. An approach to [[education]] that uses literary means or a focus on the [[humanities]] to inform [[students]].

*3. A variety of [[perspectives]] in [[philosophy]] and [[social science]] which affirm some notion of 'human nature' (by contrast with anti-humanism).

*3. A variety of [[perspectives]] in [[philosophy]] and [[social science]] which affirm some notion of 'human nature' (by contrast with anti-humanism).

*4. A [[secular]] [[ideology]] which espouses [[reason]], [[ethics]], and [[justice]], whilst specifically rejecting [[supernatural]] and religious [[dogma]] as a basis of [[morality]] and [[decision]]-making.

*4. A [[secular]] [[ideology]] which espouses [[reason]], [[ethics]], and [[justice]], whilst specifically rejecting [[supernatural]] and religious [[dogma]] as a basis of [[morality]] and [[decision]]-making.

The latter [[interpretation]] may be attributed to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secular_humanism Secular Humanism] as a specific humanistic life stance. [[Modern]] [[meanings]] of the word have therefore come to be associated with a rejection of appeals to the [[supernatural]] or to some higher [[authority]].  This [[interpretation]] may be directly contrasted with other prominent uses of the term in [[traditional]] religious circles. Humanism of this strand arose from a trajectory extending from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deism deism] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-clericalism anti-clericalism] of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment Enlightenment], the various secular movements of the 19th century (such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positivism positivism]), and the overarching expansion of the scientific project.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanism]

The latter [[interpretation]] may be attributed to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secular_humanism Secular Humanism] as a specific humanistic life stance. [[Modern]] [[meanings]] of the word have therefore come to be associated with a rejection of appeals to the [[supernatural]] or to some higher [[authority]].  This [[interpretation]] may be directly contrasted with other prominent uses of the term in [[traditional]] religious circles. Humanism of this strand arose from a trajectory extending from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deism deism] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-clericalism anti-clericalism] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment Enlightenment], the various secular movements of the 19th century (such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positivism positivism]), and the overarching expansion of the scientific project.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanism]

[[Category: Philosophy]]

[[Category: Philosophy]]