Changes

===Law===

===Law===

Law in common parlance, means a rule which (unlike a rule of ethics) is capable of enforcement through institutions. Crimes Against Humanity, Geoffrey Robertson, Penguin, ISBN 9780141024639 The study of law crosses the boundaries between the social sciences and humanities, depending on one's view of research into its objectives and effects. Law is not always enforceable, especially in the international relations context. It has been defined as a "system of rules", Hart [[The Concept of Law]], Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-876122-8 as an "interpretive concept", Ronald Dworkin, Law's Empire, Harvard University Press ISBN 0674518365 to achieve justice, as an "authority" Joseph Raz, The Authority of Law Oxford University Press to mediate people's interests, and even as "the command of a sovereign, backed by the threat of a sanction". John Austin (legal philosopher) The Providence of Jurisprudence Determined . However one likes to think of law, it is a completely central social institution. Legal policy incorporates the practical manifestation of thinking from almost every [[social science]] and humanity. Laws are [[politic]]s, because politicians create them. Law is [[philosophy]], because moral and ethical persuasions shape their ideas. Law tells many of [[history]]'s stories, because statutes, case law and codifications build up over time. And law is economics, because any rule about [[contract]], [[tort]], [[property law]], [[labour law]], [[company law]] and many more can have long lasting effects on the distribution of wealth. The noun ''law'' derives from the late [[Old English language|Old English]] ''lagu'', meaning something laid down or fixed. see [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=law&searchmode=none Etymonline Dictionary] and the adjective ''legal'' comes from the Latin word ''lex''.see [http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/legal Mirriam-Webster's Dictionary]

Law in common parlance, means a rule which (unlike a rule of ethics) is capable of enforcement through institutions. Crimes Against Humanity, Geoffrey Robertson, Penguin, ISBN 9780141024639 The study of law crosses the boundaries between the social sciences and humanities, depending on one's view of research into its objectives and effects. Law is not always enforceable, especially in the international relations context. It has been defined as a "system of rules", Hart [[The Concept of Law]], Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-876122-8 as an "interpretive concept", Ronald Dworkin, Law's Empire, Harvard University Press ISBN 0674518365 to achieve justice, as an "authority" Joseph Raz, The Authority of Law Oxford University Press to mediate people's interests, and even as "the command of a sovereign, backed by the threat of a sanction". John Austin (legal philosopher) The Providence of Jurisprudence Determined . However one likes to think of law, it is a completely central social institution. Legal policy incorporates the practical manifestation of thinking from almost every [[social science]] and humanity. Laws are [[politic]]s, because politicians create them. Law is [[philosophy]], because moral and ethical persuasions shape their ideas. Law tells many of [[history]]'s stories, because statutes, case law and codifications build up over time. And law is economics, because any rule about [[contract]], [[tort]], [[property law]], [[labour law]], [[company law]] and many more can have long lasting effects on the distribution of wealth. The noun ''law'' derives from the late [[Old English language|Old English]] ''lagu'', meaning something laid down or fixed. see [https://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=law&searchmode=none Etymonline Dictionary] and the adjective ''legal'' comes from the Latin word ''lex''.see [https://www.m-w.com/dictionary/legal Mirriam-Webster's Dictionary]

===Performing arts===

===Performing arts===

Eastern art has generally worked in a style akin to Western medieval art, namely a concentration on surface patterning and local colour (meaning the plain colour of an object, such as basic red for a red robe, rather than the modulations of that colour brought about by light, shade and reflection). A characteristic of this style is that the local colour is often defined by an outline (a contemporary equivalent is the cartoon). This is evident in, for example, the art of India, Tibet and Japan.

Eastern art has generally worked in a style akin to Western medieval art, namely a concentration on surface patterning and local colour (meaning the plain colour of an object, such as basic red for a red robe, rather than the modulations of that colour brought about by light, shade and reflection). A characteristic of this style is that the local colour is often defined by an outline (a contemporary equivalent is the cartoon). This is evident in, for example, the art of India, Tibet and Japan.

Religious [[Islam]]ic art forbids iconography, and expresses religious ideas through geometry instead. The physical and rational certainties depicted by the 19th-century Enlightenment were shattered not only by new discoveries of relativity by [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]] [http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,,1035752,00.html] and of unseen psychology by [[Sigmund Freud|Freud]], [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook36.html] but also by unprecedented technological development. Increasing [[globalization|global]] interaction during this time saw an equivalent influence of other cultures into Western art.

Religious [[Islam]]ic art forbids iconography, and expresses religious ideas through geometry instead. The physical and rational certainties depicted by the 19th-century Enlightenment were shattered not only by new discoveries of relativity by [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]] [https://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,,1035752,00.html] and of unseen psychology by [[Sigmund Freud|Freud]], [https://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook36.html] but also by unprecedented technological development. Increasing [[globalization|global]] interaction during this time saw an equivalent influence of other cultures into Western art.

Media types

Media types

Criticism of the traditional humanities/liberal arts degree program has been leveled by many that see them as both expensive and relatively "useless" in the modern American job market, where several years of specialized study is required in many/most job fields.  This is in direct contrast to the early 20th century when approximately 3% to 6% of the public at large had a university degree, and having one was a direct path to a professional life.

Criticism of the traditional humanities/liberal arts degree program has been leveled by many that see them as both expensive and relatively "useless" in the modern American job market, where several years of specialized study is required in many/most job fields.  This is in direct contrast to the early 20th century when approximately 3% to 6% of the public at large had a university degree, and having one was a direct path to a professional life.

After [[World War II]], many millions of veterans took advantage of the [[GI Bill]].  Further expansion of federal education grants and loans have expanded the number of adults in the United States that have attended a college. In 2003, roughly 53% of the population had [[Educational attainment in the United States|some college education]] with 27.2% having graduated with a [[Educational attainment in the United States|Bachelors degree]] or higher, including 8% who graduated with a [[Educational attainment in the United States|graduate degree]].<ref name="US Census Bureau, educational attainment in 2003" [http://www.census.gov/prod/2oib;jobbjjbjb004pubs/p20-550.pdf|title=US] Census Bureau, educational attainment in 2003

After [[World War II]], many millions of veterans took advantage of the [[GI Bill]].  Further expansion of federal education grants and loans have expanded the number of adults in the United States that have attended a college. In 2003, roughly 53% of the population had [[Educational attainment in the United States|some college education]] with 27.2% having graduated with a [[Educational attainment in the United States|Bachelors degree]] or higher, including 8% who graduated with a [[Educational attainment in the United States|graduate degree]].<ref name="US Census Bureau, educational attainment in 2003" [https://www.census.gov/prod/2oib;jobbjjbjb004pubs/p20-550.pdf|title=US] Census Bureau, educational attainment in 2003

===The digital age===

===The digital age===

==External links==

==External links==

*[http://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us/ National Humanities Center - USA]

*[https://www.nhc.rtp.nc.us/ National Humanities Center - USA]

*[http://www.hums.org.uk/ The Humanities Association - UK]

*[https://www.hums.org.uk/ The Humanities Association - UK]

*[http://www.intute.ac.uk/artsandhumanities/ Intute: Arts and Humanities]

*[https://www.intute.ac.uk/artsandhumanities/ Intute: Arts and Humanities]

*[http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/AHR/ Australian Humanities Review]

*[https://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/AHR/ Australian Humanities Review]

*[http://www.humanities.org.au/ Australian Academy of the Humanities]

*[https://www.humanities.org.au/ Australian Academy of the Humanities]

*[http://www.virginiafoundation.org/ Virginia Foundation for the Humanities]

*[https://www.virginiafoundation.org/ Virginia Foundation for the Humanities]

*[http://www.mfh.org/ Massachusetts Foundation for the Humanities]

*[https://www.mfh.org/ Massachusetts Foundation for the Humanities]

*[http://www.michiganhumanities.org/ Michigan Humanities Council]

*[https://www.michiganhumanities.org/ Michigan Humanities Council]

*[http://www.kyhumanities.org/ Kentucky Humanities Council]

*[https://www.kyhumanities.org/ Kentucky Humanities Council]

*[http://www.indianahumanities.org/ Indiana Humanities Council]

*[https://www.indianahumanities.org/ Indiana Humanities Council]

*[http://www.observacionesfilosoficas.net/ Revista Observaciones Filosóficas]

*[https://www.observacionesfilosoficas.net/ Revista Observaciones Filosóficas]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: The Humanities]]

[[Category: The Humanities]]