Changes

==Origin==

==Origin==

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from Anglo-French ''ydiote'', from [[Latin]] ''idiota'' [[ignorant]] person, from [[Greek]] ''idiōtēs'' one in a private station, layman, ignorant person, from ''idios'' one's own, private; akin to Latin ''suus'' one's own

[https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=English#ca._1100-1500_.09THE_MIDDLE_ENGLISH_PERIOD Middle English], from Anglo-French ''ydiote'', from [[Latin]] ''idiota'' [[ignorant]] person, from [[Greek]] ''idiōtēs'' one in a private station, layman, ignorant person, from ''idios'' one's own, private; akin to Latin ''suus'' one's own

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century 14th Century]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_century 14th Century]

'''Idiot''' as a word derived from the [[Greek]] ἰδιώτης, idiōtēs ("person lacking [[professional]] [[skill]]", "a private citizen", "[[individual]]"), from ἴδιος, idios ("private", "one's own").  In [[Latin]] the word idiota ("ordinary person, layman") preceded the Late Latin meaning "uneducated or [[ignorant]] person".  Its [[modern]] [[meaning]] and form dates back to Middle English around the year 1300, from the Old French ''idiote'' ("uneducated or ignorant person"). The related word ''idiocy'' dates to 1487 and may have been [[analogously]] modeled on the words [[prophet]] and [[prophecy]]. The word has cognates in many other languages.

'''Idiot''' as a word derived from the [[Greek]] ἰδιώτης, idiōtēs ("person lacking [[professional]] [[skill]]", "a private citizen", "[[individual]]"), from ἴδιος, idios ("private", "one's own").  In [[Latin]] the word idiota ("ordinary person, layman") preceded the Late Latin meaning "uneducated or [[ignorant]] person".  Its [[modern]] [[meaning]] and form dates back to Middle English around the year 1300, from the Old French ''idiote'' ("uneducated or ignorant person"). The related word ''idiocy'' dates to 1487 and may have been [[analogously]] modeled on the words [[prophet]] and [[prophecy]]. The word has cognates in many other languages.

An ''idiot'' in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenian_democracy Athenian democracy] was someone who was characterized by self-centeredness and concerned almost exclusively with [[private]]—as opposed to [[public]]—affairs. Idiocy was the natural state of [[ignorance]] into which all persons were born and its opposite, [[citizenship]], was effected through formalized [[education]]. In Athenian democracy, idiots were [[born]] and [[citizens]] were made through education (although citizenship was also largely hereditary). "Idiot" originally referred to "layman, person lacking professional skill", "person so mentally deficient as to be incapable of ordinary reasoning". Declining to take part in [[public]] life, such as [[democratic]] [[government]] of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis polis] (city state), was considered dishonorable. "Idiots" were seen as having bad [[judgment]] in public and [[political]] matters. Over time, the term "idiot" shifted away from its original connotation of [[selfishness]] and came to refer to [[individuals]] with overall bad judgment–individuals who are "[[stupid]]". According to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauer_lexicon Bauer-Danker Lexicon], the noun ίδιωτής in ancient Greek meant "civilian" (ref Josephus Bell 2 178), "private citizen" (ref sb 3924 9 25), "private [[soldier]] as opposed to officer," (Polybius 1.69), "relatively unskilled, not [[clever]]," (Herodotus 2,81 and 7 199).[7] The [[military]] connotation in Bauer's definition stems from the fact that ancient Greek armies in the time of total [[war]] mobilized all [[male]] [[citizens]] (to the age of 50) to fight, and many of these citizens tended to fight poorly and ignorantly.

An ''idiot'' in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenian_democracy Athenian democracy] was someone who was characterized by self-centeredness and concerned almost exclusively with [[private]]—as opposed to [[public]]—affairs. Idiocy was the natural state of [[ignorance]] into which all persons were born and its opposite, [[citizenship]], was effected through formalized [[education]]. In Athenian democracy, idiots were [[born]] and [[citizens]] were made through education (although citizenship was also largely hereditary). "Idiot" originally referred to "layman, person lacking professional skill", "person so mentally deficient as to be incapable of ordinary reasoning". Declining to take part in [[public]] life, such as [[democratic]] [[government]] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis polis] (city state), was considered dishonorable. "Idiots" were seen as having bad [[judgment]] in public and [[political]] matters. Over time, the term "idiot" shifted away from its original connotation of [[selfishness]] and came to refer to [[individuals]] with overall bad judgment–individuals who are "[[stupid]]". According to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauer_lexicon Bauer-Danker Lexicon], the noun ίδιωτής in ancient Greek meant "civilian" (ref Josephus Bell 2 178), "private citizen" (ref sb 3924 9 25), "private [[soldier]] as opposed to officer," (Polybius 1.69), "relatively unskilled, not [[clever]]," (Herodotus 2,81 and 7 199).[7] The [[military]] connotation in Bauer's definition stems from the fact that ancient Greek armies in the time of total [[war]] mobilized all [[male]] [[citizens]] (to the age of 50) to fight, and many of these citizens tended to fight poorly and ignorantly.

In modern [[English]] usage, the terms "idiot" and "idiocy" describe an [[extreme]] [[folly]] or stupidity, and its [[symptoms]] (foolish or stupid utterance or deed). In [[psychology]], it is a historical term for the state or condition now called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_disability profound intellectual disability].

In modern [[English]] usage, the terms "idiot" and "idiocy" describe an [[extreme]] [[folly]] or stupidity, and its [[symptoms]] (foolish or stupid utterance or deed). In [[psychology]], it is a historical term for the state or condition now called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_disability profound intellectual disability].

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1: usually [[offensive]] :  a person affected with [[extreme]] mental [[retardation]]

*1: usually [[offensive]] :  a person affected with [[extreme]] mental [[retardation]]

*2:  a [[foolish]] or [[stupid]] person

*2:  a [[foolish]] or [[stupid]] person

==Description==

==Description==

An '''idiot''', dolt, or dullard is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_disability intellectually disabled] person, or someone who acts in a self-defeating or significantly counterproductive way. Archaically the word mome has also been used. The similar terms [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moron_(psychology) moron], imbecile, and cretin have all gained specialized [[meanings]] in [[modern]] times. An idiot is said to be idiotic, and to suffer from idiocy. A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunce dunce] is an idiot who is specifically incapable of [[learning]]. An idiot differs from a [[fool]] (who is unwise) and an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignorance ignoramus] (who is uneducated/an ignorant), neither of which refers to someone with low [[intelligence]].

An '''idiot''', dolt, or dullard is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_disability intellectually disabled] person, or someone who acts in a self-defeating or significantly counterproductive way. Archaically the word mome has also been used. The similar terms [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moron_(psychology) moron], imbecile, and cretin have all gained specialized [[meanings]] in [[modern]] times. An idiot is said to be idiotic, and to suffer from idiocy. A [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunce dunce] is an idiot who is specifically incapable of [[learning]]. An idiot differs from a [[fool]] (who is unwise) and an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignorance ignoramus] (who is uneducated/an ignorant), neither of which refers to someone with low [[intelligence]].

A few [[authors]] have used "idiot" characters in [[novels]], plays and [[poetry]]. Often these characters are used to highlight or indicate something else ([[allegory]]). Examples of such usage are William Faulkner's ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury The Sound and the Fury]'' and William Wordsworth's ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Idiot_Boy The Idiot Boy]''. Idiot characters in [[literature]] are often confused with or subsumed within mad or lunatic characters. The most common imbrication between these two categories of mental impairment occurs in the polemic surrounding Edmund from William Shakespeare's ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Lear King Lear]''. In Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Idiot The Idiot]'', the idiocy of the main character, Prince Lev Nikolaievich Myshkin, is attributed more to his [[honesty]], trustfulness, [[kindness]], and [[humility]], than to a lack of [[intellectual]] [[ability]]. Nietzsche claimed, in his ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Antichrist_(book) The Antichrist]'', that [[Jesus]] was an idiot. This resulted from his description of Jesus as having an aversion toward the [[material]] world.

A few [[authors]] have used "idiot" characters in [[novels]], plays and [[poetry]]. Often these characters are used to highlight or indicate something else ([[allegory]]). Examples of such usage are William Faulkner's ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Fury The Sound and the Fury]'' and William Wordsworth's ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Idiot_Boy The Idiot Boy]''. Idiot characters in [[literature]] are often confused with or subsumed within mad or lunatic characters. The most common imbrication between these two categories of mental impairment occurs in the polemic surrounding Edmund from William Shakespeare's ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Lear King Lear]''. In Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Idiot The Idiot]'', the idiocy of the main character, Prince Lev Nikolaievich Myshkin, is attributed more to his [[honesty]], trustfulness, [[kindness]], and [[humility]], than to a lack of [[intellectual]] [[ability]]. Nietzsche claimed, in his ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Antichrist_(book) The Antichrist]'', that [[Jesus]] was an idiot. This resulted from his description of Jesus as having an aversion toward the [[material]] world.

[[Category: Psychology]]

[[Category: Psychology]]