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'''Information''' is the result of processing, manipulating and organizing [[data]] in a way that adds to the [[knowledge]] of the receiver. In other words, it is the context in which data is taken.

'''Information''' is the result of processing, manipulating and organizing [[data]] in a way that enhances the [[knowledge]] of the receiver.  

Information as a concept bears a diversity of meanings, from everyday usage to technical settings. Generally speaking, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, and representation.

Information as a concept bears a diversity of meanings, from everyday usage to technical settings. Generally speaking, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, and representation.

Many people speak about the Information Age as the advent of the Knowledge Age or knowledge society, the information society, and information technologies, and even though informatics, information science and computer science are often in the spotlight, the word "information" is often used without careful consideration of the various meanings it has acquired.

The so-called 'Information Age' is too often confused with an advent of knowledge. In a society infatuated with information seen in burgeoning fields of information technology, e.g. informatics, information science, and computer science, the word "information" is often used without careful consideration of the various meanings it has acquired.

 

== Etymology ==

== Etymology ==

According to the [[Oxford English Dictionary]], the earliest historical meaning of the word ''information'' in [[English language|English]] was the act of ''informing'', or giving form or shape to the mind, as in education, instruction, or training. A quote from 1387: "Five books come down from heaven for information of mankind." It was also used for an ''item'' of training, ''e.g.'' a particular instruction.  "Melibee had heard the great skills and reasons of Dame Prudence, and her wise information and techniques." (1386)

According to the [[Oxford English Dictionary]], the earliest historical meaning of the word ''information'' in [[English]] was the act of ''informing'', or giving form or shape to the mind, as in education, instruction, or training. A quote from 1387: "Five books come down from heaven for information of mankind." It was also used for an ''item'' of training, ''e.g.'' a particular instruction.  "Melibee had heard the great skills and reasons of Dame Prudence, and her wise information and techniques." (1386)

The English word was apparently derived by adding the common "noun of action" ending "''-ation''" (descended through French from Latin "''-tio''") to the earlier verb ''to inform'', in the sense of to give form to the mind, to discipline, instruct, teach: "Men so wise should go and inform their kings." (1330)  ''Inform'' itself comes (via French) from the Latin verb ''informare'', to give form to, to form an idea of. Furthermore, Latin itself already even contained the word ''informatio'' meaning concept or idea, but the extent to which this may have influenced the development of the word ''information'' in English is unclear.

The English word was apparently derived by adding the common "noun of action" ending "''-ation''" (descended through French from Latin "''-tio''") to the earlier verb ''to inform'', in the sense of to give form to the mind, to discipline, instruct, teach: "Men so wise should go and inform their kings." (1330)  ''Inform'' itself comes (via French) from the Latin verb ''informare'', to give form to, to form an idea of. Furthermore, Latin itself already even contained the word ''informatio'' meaning concept or idea, but the extent to which this may have influenced the development of the word ''information'' in English is unclear.

The international standard on [[Records management]], ISO 15489, defines records as "information created, received, and maintained as evidence and information by an organization or person, in pursuance of legal obligations or in the transaction of business". The International Committee on Archives (ICA) Committee on electronic records defined a record as, "a specific piece of recorded information generated, collected or received in the initiation, conduct or completion of an activity and that comprises sufficient content, context and structure to provide proof or evidence of that activity".

The international standard on [[Records management]], ISO 15489, defines records as "information created, received, and maintained as evidence and information by an organization or person, in pursuance of legal obligations or in the transaction of business". The International Committee on Archives (ICA) Committee on electronic records defined a record as, "a specific piece of recorded information generated, collected or received in the initiation, conduct or completion of an activity and that comprises sufficient content, context and structure to provide proof or evidence of that activity".

Records may be retained because  of their business value, as part of the [[Corporate memory]] of the organization or to meet legal, fiscal or accountability requirements imposed on the organization. Willis (2005) expressed the view that sound management of business records and information delivered “…six key requirements for good [[Corporate governance]] … transparency; accountability; due process; compliance; meeting statutory and common law requirements; and security of personal and corporate information. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Information&action=edit]

Records may be retained because  of their business value, as part of the [[Corporate memory]] of the organization or to meet legal, fiscal or accountability requirements imposed on the organization. Willis (2005) expressed the view that sound management of business records and information delivered “…six key requirements for good [[Corporate governance]] … transparency; accountability; due process; compliance; meeting statutory and common law requirements; and security of personal and corporate information. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Information&action=edit]

 

[[Category: Computer Science]]