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''This article is about integral thought in [[philosophy]] and [[psychology]]. It is unrelated to the concept of an [[integral]] in [[calculus]]. It is also unrelated to [[Integralism]], a right-wing political philosophy.''

[[Image:lighterstill.jpg]][[Image:Digitaldharma_2.jpg|right|frame]]

'''Integral thought''' (also called the '''integral paradigm''', the '''integral movement''', or the '''integral approach''') is a movement that seeks a comprehensive understanding of humans and the universe by combining [[science|scientific]] and [[spirituality|spiritual]] insights. According to the [[Integral Transformative Practice]] website, ''integral'' means "dealing with the [[body]], [[mind]], [[heart]], and [[soul]]."

'''Integral thought''' (also called the '''integral paradigm''', the '''integral movement''', or the '''integral approach''') is a movement that seeks a comprehensive understanding of humans and the universe by combining [[science|scientific]] and [[spirituality|spiritual]] insights. According to the [[Integral Transformative Practice]] website, ''integral'' means "dealing with the [[body]], [[mind]], [[heart]], and [[soul]]."

The word was totally independently suggested by [[Jean Gebser]] in 1939 to describe his own intuition regarding the next state of human [[higher consciousness|consciousness]]. Gebser only afterwards discovered the similarity with Sri Aurobindo <ref> ''Ever-Present Origin''  p102 note 4.</ref>

The word was totally independently suggested by [[Jean Gebser]] in 1939 to describe his own intuition regarding the next state of human [[higher consciousness|consciousness]]. Gebser only afterwards discovered the similarity with Sri Aurobindo <ref> ''Ever-Present Origin''  p102 note 4.</ref>

[[Haridas Chaudhuri]], a student of Sri Aurobindo and philosophy in his own right, developed his own perspective and philosophy.  established the [[California Institute of Integral Studies]] (originally the "California Institute of Asian Studies"), in 1968 in San Francisco, (it became an independent organisation in 1974), and presented his own form of [[Integral psychology]] in the early 1970s <ref> Haridas Chaudhuri, "Psychology: Humanistic and Transpersonal". ''[[Journal of Humanistic Psychology]]'', and ''The Evolution of Integral Consciousness''.; [[Bahman Shirazi]] "Integral psychology, metaphors and processes of personal integration"  in Cornelissen (ed.) ''Consciousness and Its Transformation'' An online version at http://www.saccs.org.in/TEXTS/IP2/IP2-1.2-.htm</ref>

[[Haridas Chaudhuri]], a student of Sri Aurobindo and philosophy in his own right, developed his own perspective and philosophy.  established the [[California Institute of Integral Studies]] (originally the "California Institute of Asian Studies"), in 1968 in San Francisco, (it became an independent organisation in 1974), and presented his own form of [[Integral psychology]] in the early 1970s <ref> Haridas Chaudhuri, "Psychology: Humanistic and Transpersonal". ''[[Journal of Humanistic Psychology]]'', and ''The Evolution of Integral Consciousness''.; [[Bahman Shirazi]] "Integral psychology, metaphors and processes of personal integration"  in Cornelissen (ed.) ''Consciousness and Its Transformation'' An online version at https://www.saccs.org.in/TEXTS/IP2/IP2-1.2-.htm</ref>

In late 1990s and 2000 [[Ken Wilber]], who was influenced by both Aurobindo and Gebser, among many others, adopted the term "Integral" to refer to the latest revision ("Wilber-IV") of his own philosophy, which he called [[Integral theory]].  He also established the [[Integral Institute]] as a think-tank for further development of these ideas.  In his book ''Integral Psychology'' Wilber lists a number of pioneers of the integral approach, ''post hoc''.  These include [[Goethe]], [[Schelling]], [[Hegel]], [[Gustav Fechner]], [[William James]], [[Rudolf Steiner]], [[Alfred North Whitehead]], [[James Mark Baldwin]], [[Jurgen Habermas]], [[Sri Aurobindo]], and [[Abraham Maslow]] <ref> Ken Wilber, ''Integral Psychology'', Shambhalla, 2000 p.78</ref>

In late 1990s and 2000 [[Ken Wilber]], who was influenced by both Aurobindo and Gebser, among many others, adopted the term "Integral" to refer to the latest revision ("Wilber-IV") of his own philosophy, which he called [[Integral theory]].  He also established the [[Integral Institute]] as a think-tank for further development of these ideas.  In his book ''Integral Psychology'' Wilber lists a number of pioneers of the integral approach, ''post hoc''.  These include [[Goethe]], [[Schelling]], [[Hegel]], [[Gustav Fechner]], [[William James]], [[Rudolf Steiner]], [[Alfred North Whitehead]], [[James Mark Baldwin]], [[Jurgen Habermas]], [[Sri Aurobindo]], and [[Abraham Maslow]] <ref> Ken Wilber, ''Integral Psychology'', Shambhalla, 2000 p.78</ref>

:* [[World Union]] - A non-profit, non-political organisation founded on the 26th November 1958 in [[Pondicherry]], fired by the Third Dream of [[Sri Aurobindo]]; also publishes a quarterly journal with the same title. [[A.B. Patel]] was the driving force and for many years, [[M.P. Pandit]] was the leading light.

:* [[World Union]] - A non-profit, non-political organisation founded on the 26th November 1958 in [[Pondicherry]], fired by the Third Dream of [[Sri Aurobindo]]; also publishes a quarterly journal with the same title. [[A.B. Patel]] was the driving force and for many years, [[M.P. Pandit]] was the leading light.

:* [[The New Life Education Trust]], Matrubhaban[http://www.matrubhaban.com/matru.htm], Sri Aurobindo Marg, [[Cuttack]] - oversees a chain of 429 [[Sri Aurobindo Integral Education Centres]] in [[Orissa]], [[India]]. Most of these secondary schools are in rural areas set up with local initiative. Babaji Sri [[Ramakrishna Das]] and Prapatti, [[Kangali Charan Pati]] were the dominant inspiration.

:* [[The New Life Education Trust]], Matrubhaban[https://www.matrubhaban.com/matru.htm], Sri Aurobindo Marg, [[Cuttack]] - oversees a chain of 429 [[Sri Aurobindo Integral Education Centres]] in [[Orissa]], [[India]]. Most of these secondary schools are in rural areas set up with local initiative. Babaji Sri [[Ramakrishna Das]] and Prapatti, [[Kangali Charan Pati]] were the dominant inspiration.

:* [http://www.theuniversityoftomorrow.org/about_us.html#genesis Sri Aurobindo Darshan: The University of Tomorrow] is a venture of Institute of Human Study, Hyderabad for implementation of Integral Free Progress Education. Also publishes [http://www.theuniversityoftomorrow.org/journal_of_hs/journal_of_hs.html/A Journal of Human Studies].

:* [https://www.theuniversityoftomorrow.org/about_us.html#genesis Sri Aurobindo Darshan: The University of Tomorrow] is a venture of Institute of Human Study, Hyderabad for implementation of Integral Free Progress Education. Also publishes [https://www.theuniversityoftomorrow.org/journal_of_hs/journal_of_hs.html/A Journal of Human Studies].

:* [[The Integral Life Foundation]] P.O.Box 239 Waterford CT. 06385 [[USA]] has published several books by [[Amal Kiran]].

:* [[The Integral Life Foundation]] P.O.Box 239 Waterford CT. 06385 [[USA]] has published several books by [[Amal Kiran]].

:* [http://www.sriaurobindosociety.org.in/activity/health.htm/ Sri Aurobindo International Institute for Integral Health and Research], Puducherry - Dr. Alok Pandey is one of the founders of SAIIIHR. Dr.Soumitra Basu  is the author of the book on 'Integral Health' and Editor of NAMAH. He is also one of the founders of SAIIIHR.

:* [https://www.sriaurobindosociety.org.in/activity/health.htm/ Sri Aurobindo International Institute for Integral Health and Research], Puducherry - Dr. Alok Pandey is one of the founders of SAIIIHR. Dr.Soumitra Basu  is the author of the book on 'Integral Health' and Editor of NAMAH. He is also one of the founders of SAIIIHR.

==Jean Gebser==

==Jean Gebser==

:*[[Joseph Vrinte]] (b. 1949) is an integral philosopher and psychologist who has written several books bringing together Sri Aurobindo's yoga and psychology, [[Abraham Maslow]], [[transpersonal psychology]], and Ken Wilber's Integral philosophy.

:*[[Joseph Vrinte]] (b. 1949) is an integral philosopher and psychologist who has written several books bringing together Sri Aurobindo's yoga and psychology, [[Abraham Maslow]], [[transpersonal psychology]], and Ken Wilber's Integral philosophy.

:*[[Karen Litfin|Karen T. Litfin]] is a Professor of [[Political science]] at the [[University of Washington]] who has published a paper on [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/expand?pub=infobike://mpg/mjis/2003/00000032/00000001/art00002&unc= an Integral Perspective on World Politics], drawing from the ideas of [[G.W.F. Hegel]], Sri Aurobindo, Jean Gebser and Ken Wilber.

:*[[Karen Litfin|Karen T. Litfin]] is a Professor of [[Political science]] at the [[University of Washington]] who has published a paper on [https://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/expand?pub=infobike://mpg/mjis/2003/00000032/00000001/art00002&unc= an Integral Perspective on World Politics], drawing from the ideas of [[G.W.F. Hegel]], Sri Aurobindo, Jean Gebser and Ken Wilber.

== Integral artists ==

== Integral artists ==

:*[[Michel Bauwens]] (b. 1958) views [[peer-to-peer]] technology as an integral phenomenon. He is a contributor to the journal ''[[Integral Review]]''.  He is a proponent of the [[participatory spirituality]] of John Heron and Jorge Ferrer, and is critical of cultic and authoritarian aspects of Wilber and his organisation.

:*[[Michel Bauwens]] (b. 1958) views [[peer-to-peer]] technology as an integral phenomenon. He is a contributor to the journal ''[[Integral Review]]''.  He is a proponent of the [[participatory spirituality]] of John Heron and Jorge Ferrer, and is critical of cultic and authoritarian aspects of Wilber and his organisation.

:*[[Jorge Ferrer]] is the author of ''Revisioning Transpersonal Theory: A Participatory Vision of Human Spirituality'' and a core faculty member in the East-West Psychology Program at the [[California Institute of Integral Studies]]<ref>http://www.ciis.edu/faculty/ferrer.html</ref>.  His book is an attempt to go beyond both the influence of Ken Wilber in [[transpersonal psychology]] and the epistemological implications of [[postmodernism]] by means of [[Richard Tarnas]]' participatory epistemology.

:*[[Jorge Ferrer]] is the author of ''Revisioning Transpersonal Theory: A Participatory Vision of Human Spirituality'' and a core faculty member in the East-West Psychology Program at the [[California Institute of Integral Studies]]<ref>https://www.ciis.edu/faculty/ferrer.html</ref>.  His book is an attempt to go beyond both the influence of Ken Wilber in [[transpersonal psychology]] and the epistemological implications of [[postmodernism]] by means of [[Richard Tarnas]]' participatory epistemology.

== See also ==

== See also ==

* [[Ken Wilber]]

* [[Ken Wilber]]

* [[Relationship between religion and science]]

*[[Integral Movement]]

==References==

== External links ==

* [https://www.integralworld.net Integral World]- many essays on Integral thought within a Wilberian context.

* [https://www.integralleadershipreview.com/index.html Integral Leadership Review]- a free electronic journal for investigating leadership and integral approaches (by Russ Volckmann)

* [http://www.integralworld.net Integral World]- many essays on Integral thought within a Wilberian context.

* [https://integralvisioning.org/ Integral Visioning] contains articles, a forum, and a wiki

* [http://www.integralleadershipreview.com/index.html Integral Leadership Review]- a free electronic journal for investigating leadership and integral approaches (by Russ Volckmann)

* [https://www.milum.net/integral_thinking.htm Integral Thinking] - website by Vince Milum

* [http://integralvisioning.org/ Integral Visioning] contains articles, a forum, and a wiki

* [https://www.integral-review.org Integral Review] a peer-reviewed, transdisciplinary and transcultural journal

* [http://www.milum.net/integral_thinking.htm Integral Thinking] - website by Vince Milum

* [https://integralwiki.net/ Integral Encyclopedia Wiki] an open-source collaborative encyclopedia

* [http://www.integral-review.org Integral Review] a peer-reviewed, transdisciplinary and transcultural journal

* [https://www.uazone.org/naph/index.html New Age (Integral) Philosophy] - website by Yuri Demchenko for the development of the New (integral) Philosophy of emerging Global Information Society.  

* [http://integralwiki.net/ Integral Encyclopedia Wiki] an open-source collaborative encyclopedia

* [https://www.ceptualinstitute.com/ Integrity/Ceptual Institute] - Integrity paradigm of James N. Rose, and numerous links.

* [http://www.uazone.org/naph/index.html New Age (Integral) Philosophy] - website by Yuri Demchenko for the development of the New (integral) Philosophy of emerging Global Information Society.  

* [https://www.calresco.org/wp/differ.htm What Difference Does It Make?] - page by Chris Lucas looks at how we can expand our valuation methodology to allow us to map "how we value" to "how we behave"

* [http://www.ceptualinstitute.com/ Integrity/Ceptual Institute] - Integrity paradigm of James N. Rose, and numerous links.

* [https://www.wie.org/ What Is Enlightenment?] - a popular quarterly magazine approaching spirituality, culture, and science from an integral perspective; founder [[Andrew Cohen (spiritual teacher)|Andrew Cohen]]

* [http://www.calresco.org/wp/differ.htm What Difference Does It Make?] - page by Chris Lucas looks at how we can expand our valuation methodology to allow us to map "how we value" to "how we behave"

* [https://www.integralscience.org/ Integral Science] by Thomas J. McFarlane integrates physics, mathematics, philosophy, and mysticism.

* [http://www.wie.org/ What Is Enlightenment?] - a popular quarterly magazine approaching spirituality, culture, and science from an integral perspective; founder [[Andrew Cohen (spiritual teacher)|Andrew Cohen]]

* [https://www.slenters.ch/research/ LOTA philosophy of science] by Cornelis Slenters is a unifying logical synthesis, through which  relationships between evolution, creation, mind, matter, energy and consciousness become visible.  First published in 1996 under the book title ''Breakthrough, the Origins of Mind, Space and Time''

* [http://www.integralscience.org/ Integral Science] by Thomas J. McFarlane integrates physics, mathematics, philosophy, and mysticism.

*Dieter Wolf, [https://www.dieterwolf.net/pdf/Semsys%20information(1)%20long%20version(JU).pdf]Unity of Knowledge An Interdisciplinary Project

* [http://www.slenters.ch/research/ LOTA philosophy of science] by Cornelis Slenters is a unifying logical synthesis, through which  relationships between evolution, creation, mind, matter, energy and consciousness become visible.  First published in 1996 under the book title ''Breakthrough, the Origins of Mind, Space and Time''

*Dieter Wolf, [http://www.dieterwolf.net/pdf/Semsys%20information(1)%20long%20version(JU).pdf]Unity of Knowledge An Interdisciplinary Project

[[Category: General Reference]]

[[Category: General Reference]]