Changes

[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Intonation.jpg‎|right|frame]]

[[File:lighterstill.jpg]][[File:Intonation.jpg‎|right|frame]]

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1620]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century 1620]

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

*1: something that is intoned; specifically : the opening [[tones]] of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_chant Gregorian chant]

*1: something that is intoned; specifically : the opening [[tones]] of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_chant Gregorian chant]

*2: the act of intoning and especially of [[chanting]]

*2: the act of intoning and especially of [[chanting]]

*3: the ability to play or [[sing]] [[notes]] in tune

*3: the ability to play or [[sing]] [[notes]] in tune

*4: manner of utterance; specifically : the rise and fall in pitch of the [[voice]] in [[speech]]

*4: manner of utterance; specifically : the rise and fall in pitch of the [[voice]] in [[speech]]

==Description==

==Description==

In [[linguistics]], '''intonation''' is variation of pitch while [[speaking]] which is not used to distinguish [[words]]. It [[contrasts]] with [[tone]], in which pitch variation does distinguish words. Intonation, [[rhythm]], and [[stress]] are the three main elements of linguistic [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosody_(linguistics) prosody]. Intonation patterns in some [[languages]], such as Swedish and Swiss German, can lead to conspicuous fluctuations in pitch, giving [[speech]] a sing-song quality. Fluctuations in pitch either involve a rising pitch or a falling pitch. Intonation is found in every language and even in tonal languages, but the realisation and [[function]] are seemingly [[different]]. It is used in non-tonal languages to add [[attitudes]] to [[words]] (attitudinal function) and to differentiate between [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wh-question wh-questions], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes-no_question yes-no questions], declarative statements, [[commands]], requests, etc. Intonation can also be used for [[discourse]] analysis where new [[information]] is realised by means of intonation. It can also be used for emphatic/contrastive [[purposes]].

In [[linguistics]], '''intonation''' is variation of pitch while [[speaking]] which is not used to distinguish [[words]]. It [[contrasts]] with [[tone]], in which pitch variation does distinguish words. Intonation, [[rhythm]], and [[stress]] are the three main elements of linguistic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosody_(linguistics) prosody]. Intonation patterns in some [[languages]], such as Swedish and Swiss German, can lead to conspicuous fluctuations in pitch, giving [[speech]] a sing-song quality. Fluctuations in pitch either involve a rising pitch or a falling pitch. Intonation is found in every language and even in tonal languages, but the realisation and [[function]] are seemingly [[different]]. It is used in non-tonal languages to add [[attitudes]] to [[words]] (attitudinal function) and to differentiate between [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wh-question wh-questions], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes-no_question yes-no questions], declarative statements, [[commands]], requests, etc. Intonation can also be used for [[discourse]] analysis where new [[information]] is realised by means of intonation. It can also be used for emphatic/contrastive [[purposes]].

All languages use pitch pragmatically as intonation — for instance for emphasis, to convey surprise or irony, or to pose a question. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonal_language Tonal languages] such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language Chinese] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language Hausa] use pitch for distinguishing [[words]] in addition to providing intonation.

All languages use pitch pragmatically as intonation — for instance for emphasis, to convey surprise or irony, or to pose a question. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonal_language Tonal languages] such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language Chinese] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_language Hausa] use pitch for distinguishing [[words]] in addition to providing intonation.

Generally speaking, the following intonations are distinguished:

Generally speaking, the following intonations are distinguished:

*Peaking Intonation rises and then falls [↗↘].

*Peaking Intonation rises and then falls [↗↘].

Those with congenital [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amusia amusia] show impaired ability to [[discriminate]], identify and [[imitate]] the intonation of the final [[words]] in sentences.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intonation_%28linguistics%29]

Those with congenital [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amusia amusia] show impaired ability to [[discriminate]], identify and [[imitate]] the intonation of the final [[words]] in sentences.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intonation_%28linguistics%29]

[[Category: Linguistics]]

[[Category: Linguistics]]