Changes

From Nordan Symposia
Jump to navigationJump to search
25 bytes added ,  01:27, 13 December 2020
m
Text replacement - "http://" to "https://"
Line 2: Line 2:  
[[Image:John_Donne.jpg|right|frame]]
 
[[Image:John_Donne.jpg|right|frame]]
   −
John Donne (between 24 January and 19 June 1572[1] – 31 March 1631) was an English [[poet]], satirist, lawyer and a cleric in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England Church of England]. He is considered the pre-eminent representative of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysical_poets metaphysical poets]. His works are noted for their strong, sensual style and include [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnet sonnets], love poems, religious poems, Latin translations, epigrams, elegies, [[songs]], satires and sermons. His poetry is noted for its vibrancy of [[language]] and inventiveness of [[metaphor]], especially compared to that of his contemporaries. Donne's style is characterised by abrupt openings and various [[paradoxes]], [[ironies]] and dislocations. These features, along with his frequent dramatic or everyday speech rhythms, his tense syntax and his tough [[eloquence]], were both a reaction against the smoothness of conventional [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethan_literature Elizabethan poetry] and an adaptation into English of European baroque and mannerist techniques. His early career was marked by poetry that bore immense [[knowledge]] of English [[society]] and he met that knowledge with sharp criticism. Another important theme in Donne's poetry is the [[idea]] of true [[religion]], something that he spent much time considering and about which he often theorized. He wrote secular poems as well as [[erotic]] and love poems. He is particularly famous for his mastery of metaphysical conceits.
+
John Donne (between 24 January and 19 June 1572[1] – 31 March 1631) was an English [[poet]], satirist, lawyer and a cleric in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England Church of England]. He is considered the pre-eminent representative of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysical_poets metaphysical poets]. His works are noted for their strong, sensual style and include [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonnet sonnets], love poems, religious poems, Latin translations, epigrams, elegies, [[songs]], satires and sermons. His poetry is noted for its vibrancy of [[language]] and inventiveness of [[metaphor]], especially compared to that of his contemporaries. Donne's style is characterised by abrupt openings and various [[paradoxes]], [[ironies]] and dislocations. These features, along with his frequent dramatic or everyday speech rhythms, his tense syntax and his tough [[eloquence]], were both a reaction against the smoothness of conventional [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethan_literature Elizabethan poetry] and an adaptation into English of European baroque and mannerist techniques. His early career was marked by poetry that bore immense [[knowledge]] of English [[society]] and he met that knowledge with sharp criticism. Another important theme in Donne's poetry is the [[idea]] of true [[religion]], something that he spent much time considering and about which he often theorized. He wrote secular poems as well as [[erotic]] and love poems. He is particularly famous for his mastery of metaphysical conceits.
   −
Despite his great [[education]] and poetic [[talents]], Donne lived in [[poverty]] for several years, relying heavily on [[wealthy]] friends. He spent much of the money he inherited during and after his education on womanising, literature, pastimes, and travel. In 1601, Donne secretly married Anne More, with whom he had twelve children. In 1615, he became an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican Anglican] priest, although he did not want to take Anglican orders. He did so because [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_England King James I] persistently ordered it. In 1621, he was appointed the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_of_St_Paul%27s Dean of St Paul's Cathedral] in London. He also served as a member of parliament in 1601 and in 1614.
+
Despite his great [[education]] and poetic [[talents]], Donne lived in [[poverty]] for several years, relying heavily on [[wealthy]] friends. He spent much of the money he inherited during and after his education on womanising, literature, pastimes, and travel. In 1601, Donne secretly married Anne More, with whom he had twelve children. In 1615, he became an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican Anglican] priest, although he did not want to take Anglican orders. He did so because [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_England King James I] persistently ordered it. In 1621, he was appointed the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_of_St_Paul%27s Dean of St Paul's Cathedral] in London. He also served as a member of parliament in 1601 and in 1614.
   −
His work has received much criticism over the years, especially concerning his metaphysical form. Donne is generally considered the most prominent member of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysical_poets Metaphysical poets], a phrase coined in 1781 by the critic [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson Dr Johnson], following a comment on Donne by the poet [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dryden John Dryden]. Dryden had written of Donne in 1693: "He affects the metaphysics, not only in his [[satire]]s, but in his amorous verses, where nature only should reign; and perplexes the [[minds]] of the fair sex with nice speculations of [[philosophy]], when he should engage their [[hearts]], and entertain them with the softnesses of [[love]]." (In Life of Cowley (from Samuel Johnson's 1781 work of biography and criticism ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lives_of_the_Most_Eminent_English_Poets Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets]''), Johnson refers to the beginning of the seventeenth century in which there "appeared a race of writers that may be termed the metaphysical poets". Donne's immediate successors in [[poetry]] therefore tended to regard his works with [[ambivalence]], with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_poets Neoclassical poets] regarding his conceits as [[abuse]] of the [[metaphor]]. However he was revived by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_poets Romantic poets] such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge Coleridge] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning Browning], though his more recent revival in the early twentieth century by poets such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._S._Eliot T. S. Eliot] and critics like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_R_Leavis F R Leavis] tended to portray him, with approval, as an anti-Romantic.
+
His work has received much criticism over the years, especially concerning his metaphysical form. Donne is generally considered the most prominent member of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysical_poets Metaphysical poets], a phrase coined in 1781 by the critic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson Dr Johnson], following a comment on Donne by the poet [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dryden John Dryden]. Dryden had written of Donne in 1693: "He affects the metaphysics, not only in his [[satire]]s, but in his amorous verses, where nature only should reign; and perplexes the [[minds]] of the fair sex with nice speculations of [[philosophy]], when he should engage their [[hearts]], and entertain them with the softnesses of [[love]]." (In Life of Cowley (from Samuel Johnson's 1781 work of biography and criticism ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lives_of_the_Most_Eminent_English_Poets Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets]''), Johnson refers to the beginning of the seventeenth century in which there "appeared a race of writers that may be termed the metaphysical poets". Donne's immediate successors in [[poetry]] therefore tended to regard his works with [[ambivalence]], with the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_poets Neoclassical poets] regarding his conceits as [[abuse]] of the [[metaphor]]. However he was revived by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_poets Romantic poets] such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge Coleridge] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Browning Browning], though his more recent revival in the early twentieth century by poets such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._S._Eliot T. S. Eliot] and critics like [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_R_Leavis F R Leavis] tended to portray him, with approval, as an anti-Romantic.
   −
Donne is considered a master of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysical_conceit metaphysical conceit], an extended metaphor that combines two vastly different ideas into a single idea, often using imagery. An example of this is his equation of lovers with saints in "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Canonization The Canonization]". Unlike the conceits found in other Elizabethan poetry, most notably [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrarchan Petrarchan] conceits, which formed clichéd comparisons between more closely related objects (such as a rose and love), metaphysical conceits go to a greater depth in comparing two completely unlike objects. One of the most famous of Donne's conceits is found in "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Valediction:_Forbidding_Mourning A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning]" where he compares two lovers who are separated to the two legs of a compass.
+
Donne is considered a master of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysical_conceit metaphysical conceit], an extended metaphor that combines two vastly different ideas into a single idea, often using imagery. An example of this is his equation of lovers with saints in "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Canonization The Canonization]". Unlike the conceits found in other Elizabethan poetry, most notably [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrarchan Petrarchan] conceits, which formed clichéd comparisons between more closely related objects (such as a rose and love), metaphysical conceits go to a greater depth in comparing two completely unlike objects. One of the most famous of Donne's conceits is found in "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Valediction:_Forbidding_Mourning A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning]" where he compares two lovers who are separated to the two legs of a compass.
    
Donne's works are also witty, employing [[paradoxes]], puns, and subtle yet remarkable [[analogies]]. His pieces are often [[ironic]] and cynical, especially regarding love and human [[motives]]. Common subjects of Donne's poems are [[love]] (especially in his early life), death (especially after his [[wife]]'s [[death]]), and [[religion]].
 
Donne's works are also witty, employing [[paradoxes]], puns, and subtle yet remarkable [[analogies]]. His pieces are often [[ironic]] and cynical, especially regarding love and human [[motives]]. Common subjects of Donne's poems are [[love]] (especially in his early life), death (especially after his [[wife]]'s [[death]]), and [[religion]].
   −
John Donne's poetry represented a shift from classical forms to more [[personal]] poetry. Donne is noted for his poetic metre, which was structured with changing and jagged [[rhythms]] that closely resemble casual [[speech]] (it was for this that the more classical-minded [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Jonson Ben Jonson] commented that "Donne, for not keeping of accent, deserved hanging").
+
John Donne's poetry represented a shift from classical forms to more [[personal]] poetry. Donne is noted for his poetic metre, which was structured with changing and jagged [[rhythms]] that closely resemble casual [[speech]] (it was for this that the more classical-minded [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Jonson Ben Jonson] commented that "Donne, for not keeping of accent, deserved hanging").
   −
Some [[scholars]] believe that Donne's literary works reflect the changing trends of his life, with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_poetry love poetry] and satires from his [[youth]] and religious sermons during his later years. Other scholars, such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gardner_(critic) Helen Gardner], question the validity of this dating—most of his poems were published posthumously (1633). The exception to these is his Anniversaries, which were published in 1612 and ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devotions_upon_Emergent_Occasions Devotions upon Emergent Occasions]'' published in 1624. His sermons are also dated, sometimes specifically by date and year.
+
Some [[scholars]] believe that Donne's literary works reflect the changing trends of his life, with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_poetry love poetry] and satires from his [[youth]] and religious sermons during his later years. Other scholars, such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Gardner_(critic) Helen Gardner], question the validity of this dating—most of his poems were published posthumously (1633). The exception to these is his Anniversaries, which were published in 1612 and ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devotions_upon_Emergent_Occasions Devotions upon Emergent Occasions]'' published in 1624. His sermons are also dated, sometimes specifically by date and year.
    
[[Category: General Reference]]
 
[[Category: General Reference]]
 
[[Category: Biography]]
 
[[Category: Biography]]
 
[[Category: Languages and Literature]]
 
[[Category: Languages and Literature]]

Navigation menu