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− | [[Image:lighterstill.jpg]] | + | [[Image:lighterstill.jpg]][[Image:Kaleidoscope-collage2_2up.jpg|right|frame]] |
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| A '''kaleidoscope''' is a tube of mirrors containing loose colored beads, pebbles or other small colored objects. The viewer looks in one end and [[light]] enters the other end, [[Reflection|reflecting]] off the mirrors. Typically there are two rectangular lengthwise mirrors. Setting of the mirrors at 45 degree (angle) creates eight duplicate images of the objects, six at 60°, and four at 90°. As the tube is rotated, the tumbling of the [[color]]ed objects presents the viewer with varying colors and [[pattern]]s. Any arbitrary pattern of objects shows up as a [[beautiful]] [[symmetry|symmetric]] pattern because of the reflections in the mirrors. A two-mirror model yields a pattern or patterns isolated against a solid black background, while a three-mirror (closed triangle) model yields a pattern that fills the entire field. | | A '''kaleidoscope''' is a tube of mirrors containing loose colored beads, pebbles or other small colored objects. The viewer looks in one end and [[light]] enters the other end, [[Reflection|reflecting]] off the mirrors. Typically there are two rectangular lengthwise mirrors. Setting of the mirrors at 45 degree (angle) creates eight duplicate images of the objects, six at 60°, and four at 90°. As the tube is rotated, the tumbling of the [[color]]ed objects presents the viewer with varying colors and [[pattern]]s. Any arbitrary pattern of objects shows up as a [[beautiful]] [[symmetry|symmetric]] pattern because of the reflections in the mirrors. A two-mirror model yields a pattern or patterns isolated against a solid black background, while a three-mirror (closed triangle) model yields a pattern that fills the entire field. |
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| ==Etymology== | | ==Etymology== |
− | First attested 1817 in English, the word "kaleidoscope" derives from the Greek ''καλός'' (''kalos''), "beautiful"[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2352841], ''είδος'' (''eidos''), "shape" [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2330867] + ''σκοπέω'' (''scopeο''), "to look at, to examine" [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2395112] | + | First attested 1817 in English, the word "kaleidoscope" derives from the Greek ''καλός'' (''kalos''), "beautiful"[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2352841], ''είδος'' (''eidos''), "shape" [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2330867] + ''σκοπέω'' (''scopeο''), "to look at, to examine" [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2395112] |
− | [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=kaleidoscope&searchmode=none Online Etymology Dictionary]. | + | [https://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=kaleidoscope&searchmode=none Online Etymology Dictionary]. |
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| == History == | | == History == |
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| ==See also== | | ==See also== |
− | * [[Fractals]] (Kaleidoscopes are related to hyperbolic geometry) | + | * [[Fraction|Fractals]] (Kaleidoscopes are related to hyperbolic geometry) |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
− | # Kalos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus | + | # [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2352841 Kalos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus] |
− | # Eidos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus | + | # [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2330867 Eidos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus] |
− | # Skopeo, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus | + | # [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2395112 Skopeo, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus] |
− | # Online Etymology Dictionary | + | # [https://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=kaleidoscope&searchmode=none Online Etymology Dictionary] |
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| ==External links== | | ==External links== |
− | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBNcaXLkWX0] spectacular kaleidoscope on youtube | + | *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBNcaXLkWX0] spectacular kaleidoscope on youtube |
− | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUwNlMF3hP0] another spectacular kaleidoscope on youtube (links to more) | + | *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUwNlMF3hP0] another spectacular kaleidoscope on youtube (links to more) |
− | *[http://artineck.googlepages.com/12inHU2.htm 12 in HU, moving interactive kaleidoscope] | + | *[https://artineck.googlepages.com/12inHU2.htm 12 in HU, moving interactive kaleidoscope] |
− | *[http://finitegeometry.org/sc/16/kal/ Literary and Philosophical Remarks]. | + | *[https://finitegeometry.org/sc/16/kal/ Literary and Philosophical Remarks]. |
− | *[http://www.thebigcamera.com.au/Kaleidoscope.html Kaleidoscope History] | + | *[https://www.thebigcamera.com.au/Kaleidoscope.html Kaleidoscope History] |
− | *[http://www.kaleidoscopesusa.com/makeAscope.htm How to make a Kaleidoscope ] | + | *[https://www.kaleidoscopesusa.com/makeAscope.htm How to make a Kaleidoscope ] |
− | *[http://www.waynesthisandthat.com/kaleidoscopes2.htm Kaleidoscope Mirror Designs] | + | *[https://www.waynesthisandthat.com/kaleidoscopes2.htm Kaleidoscope Mirror Designs] |
− | *[http://www.infography.com/content/429166784709.html Infography about Kaleidoscopes] | + | *[https://www.infography.com/content/429166784709.html Infography about Kaleidoscopes] |
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| [[Category: The Arts]] | | [[Category: The Arts]] |
| [[Category: Mathematics]] | | [[Category: Mathematics]] |