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'''Kenneth Earl "Ken" Wilber Jr.''' (b. January 31, 1949, Oklahoma City, OK, United States), is an American author who writes on [[psychology]], [[philosophy]], [[mysticism]], [[ecology]], and [[spiritual]] [[evolution]]. He has been described as [[New Age]] e.g. [[Wouter J. Hanegraaff]], ''New Age Religion and Western Culture'', SUNY, 1998, pp.58-9 and 75, Wilber's criticism of Capra and Bohm is described as "almost the only example of an intellectual controversy ''within'' the New Age movement" ''ibid'' p.176 (italics in original), although he is critical of much within the New Age movement in his books ''Sex, Ecology, Spirituality'', Note 44, "The various New Age movements claim to herald such a worldwide consciousness revolution. But ... these movements fail across the board.".  His work formulates what he calls an "integral theory of consciousness."  He is a leading proponent of the integral movement and founded the [http://www.integralinstitute.org Integral Institute] in 1998.

'''Kenneth Earl "Ken" Wilber Jr.''' (b. January 31, 1949, Oklahoma City, OK, United States), is an American author who writes on [[psychology]], [[philosophy]], [[mysticism]], [[ecology]], and [[spiritual]] [[evolution]]. He has been described as [[New Age]] e.g. [[Wouter J. Hanegraaff]], ''New Age Religion and Western Culture'', SUNY, 1998, pp.58-9 and 75, Wilber's criticism of Capra and Bohm is described as "almost the only example of an intellectual controversy ''within'' the New Age movement" ''ibid'' p.176 (italics in original), although he is critical of much within the New Age movement in his books ''Sex, Ecology, Spirituality'', Note 44, "The various New Age movements claim to herald such a worldwide consciousness revolution. But ... these movements fail across the board.".  His work formulates what he calls an "integral theory of consciousness."  He is a leading proponent of the integral movement and founded the [https://www.integralinstitute.org Integral Institute] in 1998.

== Biography ==

== Biography ==

Ken Wilber was born on January 31, 1949 in Oklahoma City, OK. In 1967 he enrolled as a pre-med student at Duke University, Tony Schwartz, ''What Really Matters: Searching for Wisdom in America'', Bantam, 1996, ISBN 0-553-37492-3, p348  and almost immediately experienced a disillusionment with what science had to offer. He became inspired by Eastern literature, particularly the [[Tao Te Ching]], which catalyzed his interest in [[Buddha|Buddhism]]. While Wilber has practiced Buddhist meditation methods, and the concepts of Madhyamaka Buddhist philosophy (particularly as articulated by [[Nagarjuna]] underpin his work,[http://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2059 The Kosmos According to Ken Wilber, A Dialogue with Robin Kornman], ''Shambhala Sun'', September 1996. Retrieved on June 14, 2006.  Wilber does not self-identify as a Buddhist. # ''Kosmic Consciousness'' (12 hour audio interview on ten CDs), 2003, ISBN 1-59179-124-3. He left Duke, enrolled in the University of Nebraska, and completed a bachelor's degree with a double major in chemistry and biology.

Ken Wilber was born on January 31, 1949 in Oklahoma City, OK. In 1967 he enrolled as a pre-med student at Duke University, Tony Schwartz, ''What Really Matters: Searching for Wisdom in America'', Bantam, 1996, ISBN 0-553-37492-3, p348  and almost immediately experienced a disillusionment with what science had to offer. He became inspired by Eastern literature, particularly the [[Tao Te Ching]], which catalyzed his interest in [[Buddha|Buddhism]]. While Wilber has practiced Buddhist meditation methods, and the concepts of Madhyamaka Buddhist philosophy (particularly as articulated by [[Nagarjuna]] underpin his work,[https://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2059 The Kosmos According to Ken Wilber, A Dialogue with Robin Kornman], ''Shambhala Sun'', September 1996. Retrieved on June 14, 2006.  Wilber does not self-identify as a Buddhist. # ''Kosmic Consciousness'' (12 hour audio interview on ten CDs), 2003, ISBN 1-59179-124-3. He left Duke, enrolled in the University of Nebraska, and completed a bachelor's degree with a double major in chemistry and biology.

In 1973, Wilber completed his first book, ''The Spectrum of Consciousness'', in which he sought to integrate knowledge from disparate fields. After rejections by more than twenty publishers it was finally accepted in 1977 by Quest Books, and he spent a year giving lectures and workshops before going back to writing. He also helped to launch the journal ''[[ReVision]]'' in 1978.   

In 1973, Wilber completed his first book, ''The Spectrum of Consciousness'', in which he sought to integrate knowledge from disparate fields. After rejections by more than twenty publishers it was finally accepted in 1977 by Quest Books, and he spent a year giving lectures and workshops before going back to writing. He also helped to launch the journal ''[[ReVision]]'' in 1978.   

Subsequently, Wilber wrote ''Sex, Ecology, Spirituality'' (SES), (1995), the massive first volume of a proposed ''Kosmos Trilogy''. ''A Brief History of Everything'' (1996) was the non-footnoted, popularized summary of SES in the form of an imagined, extended interview. ''The Eye of Spirit'' (1997) was a compilation of articles he had written for the journal ''ReVision'' on the relationship between science and religion. Throughout 1997 he had kept journals of his personal experiences, which were published in 1999 as ''One Taste'', a Buddhist term for cosmic or [[God-consciousness|unitary consciousness]]. Over the next two years his publisher, Shambhala Publications, took the unusual step of releasing eight re-edited volumes of his ''Collected Works''. In 1999, he finished ''Integral Psychology'' and wrote ''A Theory of Everything'' (2000). In ''A Theory of Everything'' Wilber attempts to bridge business, politics, science and spirituality and show how they integrate with theories of developmental psychology, such as Spiral Dynamics. His book, ''Boomeritis'' (2002), is a novel which attempts to expose the egotism of his generation.

Subsequently, Wilber wrote ''Sex, Ecology, Spirituality'' (SES), (1995), the massive first volume of a proposed ''Kosmos Trilogy''. ''A Brief History of Everything'' (1996) was the non-footnoted, popularized summary of SES in the form of an imagined, extended interview. ''The Eye of Spirit'' (1997) was a compilation of articles he had written for the journal ''ReVision'' on the relationship between science and religion. Throughout 1997 he had kept journals of his personal experiences, which were published in 1999 as ''One Taste'', a Buddhist term for cosmic or [[God-consciousness|unitary consciousness]]. Over the next two years his publisher, Shambhala Publications, took the unusual step of releasing eight re-edited volumes of his ''Collected Works''. In 1999, he finished ''Integral Psychology'' and wrote ''A Theory of Everything'' (2000). In ''A Theory of Everything'' Wilber attempts to bridge business, politics, science and spirituality and show how they integrate with theories of developmental psychology, such as Spiral Dynamics. His book, ''Boomeritis'' (2002), is a novel which attempts to expose the egotism of his generation.

Since 1987, Wilber has lived in Denver, Colorado, where he is working on his Kosmos trilogy and overseeing the work of the [http://www.integralinstitute.org Integral Institute]].

Since 1987, Wilber has lived in Denver, Colorado, where he is working on his Kosmos trilogy and overseeing the work of the [https://www.integralinstitute.org Integral Institute]].

== Beliefs ==

== Beliefs ==

=== Mysticism and the great chain of being ===

=== Mysticism and the great chain of being ===

One of Wilber's main interests is in mapping what he calls the "neo-perennial philosophy", an integration of some of the views of mysticism typified by [[Aldous Huxley]]'s ''The Perennial Philosophy''  with an account of cosmic [[evolution]] akin to that of the Indian philosopher [[Sri Aurobindo]].  He rejects most of the tenets of  [[Perennialism]] and the associated anti-evolutionary view of history as a regression from past ages or yugas."I have not identified myself with the perennial philosophy in over fifteen years ... Many of the enduring perennial philosophers such as [[Nagarjuna]] were already using postmetaphysical methods, which is why their insights are still quite valid. But the vast majority of perennial philosophers were caught in metaphysical, not critical, thought, which is why I reject their methods almost entirely, and accept their conclusions only to the extent they can be reconstructed"[http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/misc/habermas/index.cfm/]. Instead, he embraces a more traditionally Western notion of the great chain of being. As in the work of [[Jean Gebser]], this great chain (or "nest") is ever-present while "relatively" unfolding throughout this material manifestation, although to Wilber "...the "Great Nest" is actually just a vast morphogenetic field of potentials"...".  In agreement with Mahayana Buddhism, he believes that reality is ultimately a [[nondual]] union of |emptiness and form, with form being innately subject to development over time. Wilber's writings are ultimately attempts to describe how he conceives that form undergoes change, and how he believes sentient beings in the world of form participate in this change until they finally realize their true identity as emptiness.

One of Wilber's main interests is in mapping what he calls the "neo-perennial philosophy", an integration of some of the views of mysticism typified by [[Aldous Huxley]]'s ''The Perennial Philosophy''  with an account of cosmic [[evolution]] akin to that of the Indian philosopher [[Sri Aurobindo]].  He rejects most of the tenets of  [[Perennialism]] and the associated anti-evolutionary view of history as a regression from past ages or yugas."I have not identified myself with the perennial philosophy in over fifteen years ... Many of the enduring perennial philosophers such as [[Nagarjuna]] were already using postmetaphysical methods, which is why their insights are still quite valid. But the vast majority of perennial philosophers were caught in metaphysical, not critical, thought, which is why I reject their methods almost entirely, and accept their conclusions only to the extent they can be reconstructed"[https://wilber.shambhala.com/html/misc/habermas/index.cfm/]. Instead, he embraces a more traditionally Western notion of the great chain of being. As in the work of [[Jean Gebser]], this great chain (or "nest") is ever-present while "relatively" unfolding throughout this material manifestation, although to Wilber "...the "Great Nest" is actually just a vast morphogenetic field of potentials"...".  In agreement with Mahayana Buddhism, he believes that reality is ultimately a [[nondual]] union of |emptiness and form, with form being innately subject to development over time. Wilber's writings are ultimately attempts to describe how he conceives that form undergoes change, and how he believes sentient beings in the world of form participate in this change until they finally realize their true identity as emptiness.

Wilber argues for the value of mystical realization and in opposition to [[metaphysical naturalism]]:

Wilber argues for the value of mystical realization and in opposition to [[metaphysical naturalism]]:

"Are the mystics and sages insane? Because they all tell variations on the same story, don't they? The story of awakening one morning and discovering you are one with the All, in a timeless and eternal and infinite fashion. Yes, maybe they are crazy, these divine fools. Maybe they are mumbling idiots in the face of the Abyss. Maybe they need a nice, understanding therapist. Yes, I'm sure that would help. But then, I wonder. Maybe the evolutionary sequence really is from matter to body to mind to soul to spirit, each transcending and including, each with a greater depth and greater consciousness and wider embrace. And in the highest reaches of evolution, maybe, just maybe, an individual's consciousness does indeed touch infinity—a total embrace of the entire Kosmos—a Kosmic consciousness that is Spirit awakened to its own true nature. It's at least plausible. And tell me: is that story, sung by mystics and sages the world over, any crazier than the scientific materialism story, which is that the entire sequence is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying absolutely nothing? Listen very carefully: just which of those two stories actually sounds totally insane?"  

"Are the mystics and sages insane? Because they all tell variations on the same story, don't they? The story of awakening one morning and discovering you are one with the All, in a timeless and eternal and infinite fashion. Yes, maybe they are crazy, these divine fools. Maybe they are mumbling idiots in the face of the Abyss. Maybe they need a nice, understanding therapist. Yes, I'm sure that would help. But then, I wonder. Maybe the evolutionary sequence really is from matter to body to mind to soul to spirit, each transcending and including, each with a greater depth and greater consciousness and wider embrace. And in the highest reaches of evolution, maybe, just maybe, an individual's consciousness does indeed touch infinity—a total embrace of the entire Kosmos—a Kosmic consciousness that is Spirit awakened to its own true nature. It's at least plausible. And tell me: is that story, sung by mystics and sages the world over, any crazier than the scientific materialism story, which is that the entire sequence is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying absolutely nothing? Listen very carefully: just which of those two stories actually sounds totally insane?"  

===Wilber's holism===

===Wilber's holism===

A key idea in Wilber's philosophical approach is the ''[[Holon]]'', which came from the writings of [[Arthur Koestler]]. In considering what might be the basic building blocks of existence, he observed that it seems every entity and concept shares a dual nature: as a whole unto itself, and as a part of some other whole. For example, a cell in an organism is a whole and at the same time a part of another whole, the organism. The relation between individuals and society is not the same as between cells and organisms because individual holons can be members but not parts of social holons. See ''A Miracle Called "We"'' in '' Integral Spirituality'' and [http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/books/kosmos/excerptA/notes-1.cfm].  

A key idea in Wilber's philosophical approach is the ''[[Holon]]'', which came from the writings of [[Arthur Koestler]]. In considering what might be the basic building blocks of existence, he observed that it seems every entity and concept shares a dual nature: as a whole unto itself, and as a part of some other whole. For example, a cell in an organism is a whole and at the same time a part of another whole, the organism. The relation between individuals and society is not the same as between cells and organisms because individual holons can be members but not parts of social holons. See ''A Miracle Called "We"'' in '' Integral Spirituality'' and [https://wilber.shambhala.com/html/books/kosmos/excerptA/notes-1.cfm].  

Another example is that a letter is a self-existing entity and simultaneously an integral part of a word, which then is part of a sentence, which is part of a paragraph, which is part of a page; and so on. Everything from [[quarks]] to [[matter]] to [[energy]] to [[idea]]s can be looked at in this way; everything in creation except perhaps creation itself is a holon.

Another example is that a letter is a self-existing entity and simultaneously an integral part of a word, which then is part of a sentence, which is part of a paragraph, which is part of a page; and so on. Everything from [[quarks]] to [[matter]] to [[energy]] to [[idea]]s can be looked at in this way; everything in creation except perhaps creation itself is a holon.

In his book ''Sex, Ecology, Spirituality: The Spirit of Evolution'', Wilber outlines approximately twenty tenets that characterize all holons. (Wilber, Ken; ''Sex, Ecology, Spirituality'', 1995, p. 35-78) These tenets form the basis of Wilber's model of manifest reality. Beyond this, Wilber's view is that the totality of manifest reality itself is just a wave on the ocean of the unmanifest, of Emptiness itself, which is not a holon.

In his book ''Sex, Ecology, Spirituality: The Spirit of Evolution'', Wilber outlines approximately twenty tenets that characterize all holons. (Wilber, Ken; ''Sex, Ecology, Spirituality'', 1995, p. 35-78) These tenets form the basis of Wilber's model of manifest reality. Beyond this, Wilber's view is that the totality of manifest reality itself is just a wave on the ocean of the unmanifest, of Emptiness itself, which is not a holon.

=== AQAL: "All Quadrants All Levels"===

=== AQAL: "All Quadrants All Levels"===

AQAL (pronounced ''aqual'' or ''ah-qwul'') represents the core of Wilber's work. AQAL stands for "all quadrants all levels", but equally connotes 'all lines', 'all states' and 'all types'. These are the five irreducible categories of Wilber's model of manifest existence. In order for an account of the Kosmos to be complete, Wilber believes that it must include each of these five categories. For Wilber, only such an account can be accurately called "integral." In the essay, "Excerpt C: The Ways We Are in This Together", Wilber describes AQAL as "one suggested architecture of the Kosmos". [http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/books/kosmos/excerptC/intro-1.cfm]

AQAL (pronounced ''aqual'' or ''ah-qwul'') represents the core of Wilber's work. AQAL stands for "all quadrants all levels", but equally connotes 'all lines', 'all states' and 'all types'. These are the five irreducible categories of Wilber's model of manifest existence. In order for an account of the Kosmos to be complete, Wilber believes that it must include each of these five categories. For Wilber, only such an account can be accurately called "integral." In the essay, "Excerpt C: The Ways We Are in This Together", Wilber describes AQAL as "one suggested architecture of the Kosmos". [https://wilber.shambhala.com/html/books/kosmos/excerptC/intro-1.cfm]

All of Wilber's AQAL categories -quadrants, lines, streams, or intelligences, levels, states, and types;relate to relative truth in the two truths doctrine of [[Buddha|Buddhism]], to which he subscribes. According to Wilber, none of them are true in an absolute sense: only formless awareness, "the simple feeling of being," exists absolutely.

All of Wilber's AQAL categories -quadrants, lines, streams, or intelligences, levels, states, and types;relate to relative truth in the two truths doctrine of [[Buddha|Buddhism]], to which he subscribes. According to Wilber, none of them are true in an absolute sense: only formless awareness, "the simple feeling of being," exists absolutely.

According to Wilber's theory, narrow science trumps narrow religion, but broad science trumps narrow science. That is, the natural sciences provide a more inclusive, accurate account of [[reality]] than any of the particular [[exoteric]] religious traditions. But an integral approach that evaluates both religious claims and scientific claims based on intersubjectivity is preferable to narrow science.

According to Wilber's theory, narrow science trumps narrow religion, but broad science trumps narrow science. That is, the natural sciences provide a more inclusive, accurate account of [[reality]] than any of the particular [[exoteric]] religious traditions. But an integral approach that evaluates both religious claims and scientific claims based on intersubjectivity is preferable to narrow science.

===Current work===

===Current work===

In 2005, at the launch of the Integral Spiritual Center, a branch of the [[Integral Institute]], Wilber presented a 118-page rough draft summary of his two forthcoming books. [http://integralspiritualcenter.org/Integral%20Spirituality.pdf] The essay is entitled "What is Integral Spirituality?", and contains several new ideas, including Integral post-metaphysics and the Wilber-Combs lattice.

In 2005, at the launch of the Integral Spiritual Center, a branch of the [[Integral Institute]], Wilber presented a 118-page rough draft summary of his two forthcoming books. [https://integralspiritualcenter.org/Integral%20Spirituality.pdf] The essay is entitled "What is Integral Spirituality?", and contains several new ideas, including Integral post-metaphysics and the Wilber-Combs lattice.

"Integral post-metaphysics" is the term Wilber has given to his attempts to reconstruct the world's [[spirituality|spiritual]]-[[religion|religious]] traditions in a way that accounts for the [[Modernism|modern]] and [[post-modern]] criticisms of those traditions.

"Integral post-metaphysics" is the term Wilber has given to his attempts to reconstruct the world's [[spirituality|spiritual]]-[[religion|religious]] traditions in a way that accounts for the [[Modernism|modern]] and [[post-modern]] criticisms of those traditions.

The Wilber-Combs Lattice is a conceptual model of [[consciousness]] developed by Wilber and [[Allan Combs]]. It is a grid with sequential states of consciousness on the x axis (from left to right) and with developmental structures, or [[levels]], of consciousness on the y axis (from bottom to top). This lattice illustrates how each structure of consciousness interprets experiences of different states of consciousness, including mystical states, in different ways.

The Wilber-Combs Lattice is a conceptual model of [[consciousness]] developed by Wilber and [[Allan Combs]]. It is a grid with sequential states of consciousness on the x axis (from left to right) and with developmental structures, or [[levels]], of consciousness on the y axis (from bottom to top). This lattice illustrates how each structure of consciousness interprets experiences of different states of consciousness, including mystical states, in different ways.

=== Influences on Wilber ===

=== Influences on Wilber ===

Wilber's conception of the perennial philosophy has been primarily influenced by [[Madhyamaka]] [[Buddha|Buddhism]], particularly as articulated in the philosophy of [[Nagarjuna]]. The Kosmos According to Ken Wilber: A Dialogue with Robin Kornman [http://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2059]  Wilber has been a dedicated practitioner of Buddhist meditation since his college years, and has studied under some widely recognized meditators, such as Dainin Katagiri, Maezumi Roshi, [[Chogyam Trungpa]] [[Rinpoche]], [[Kalu Rinpoche]], [[Penor Rinpoche]] and [[Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche]]. The nondual mysticism of [[Advaita Vedanta]], Trika (Kashmir) Shaivism, [[Tibetan Buddhism]], [[Zen Buddhism]], [[Plotinus]], [[Ramana Maharshi]], and [[Andrew Cohen]], as well as the teaching and works of [[Adi Da]], which Wilber has on several occasions singled out for the highest praise (while expressing reservations about Adi Da as a teacher),[http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/misc/adida.cfm/] [http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/misc/adida.cfm/] are also strong influences. These influences have led Wilber to assert that those desiring enlightenment should seek out "the outlaws, the living terrors, the Rude Boys and Nasty Girls of God realization" and that "Every deeply enlightened teacher I have known has been a Rude Boy or Nasty Girl".[http://www.wie.org/gurupandit/ken-wilber-foreword.asp|title=http://www.wie.org/gurupandit/ken-wilber-foreword.asp]  

Wilber's conception of the perennial philosophy has been primarily influenced by [[Madhyamaka]] [[Buddha|Buddhism]], particularly as articulated in the philosophy of [[Nagarjuna]]. The Kosmos According to Ken Wilber: A Dialogue with Robin Kornman [https://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2059]  Wilber has been a dedicated practitioner of Buddhist meditation since his college years, and has studied under some widely recognized meditators, such as Dainin Katagiri, Maezumi Roshi, [[Chogyam Trungpa]] [[Rinpoche]], [[Kalu Rinpoche]], [[Penor Rinpoche]] and [[Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche]]. The nondual mysticism of [[Advaita Vedanta]], Trika (Kashmir) Shaivism, [[Tibetan Buddhism]], [[Zen Buddhism]], [[Plotinus]], [[Ramana Maharshi]], and [[Andrew Cohen]], as well as the teaching and works of [[Adi Da]], which Wilber has on several occasions singled out for the highest praise (while expressing reservations about Adi Da as a teacher),[https://wilber.shambhala.com/html/misc/adida.cfm/] [https://wilber.shambhala.com/html/misc/adida.cfm/] are also strong influences. These influences have led Wilber to assert that those desiring enlightenment should seek out "the outlaws, the living terrors, the Rude Boys and Nasty Girls of God realization" and that "Every deeply enlightened teacher I have known has been a Rude Boy or Nasty Girl".[https://www.wie.org/gurupandit/ken-wilber-foreword.asp|title=https://www.wie.org/gurupandit/ken-wilber-foreword.asp]  

   

   

Wilber's conception of [[evolution]] or psychological development draws on [[Aurobindo]], [[Adi Da]], [[Andrew Cohen]], [[Jean Gebser]], [[German idealism]], [[Erich Jantsch]], [[Jean Piaget]], [[Abraham Maslow]], [[Erik Erikson]], [[Lawrence Kohlberg]], [[James Mark Baldwin]], [[Jürgen Habermas]], [[Howard Gardner]], [[Clare W. Graves]], [[Robert Kegan]] and [[Spiral Dynamics]].

Wilber's conception of [[evolution]] or psychological development draws on [[Aurobindo]], [[Adi Da]], [[Andrew Cohen]], [[Jean Gebser]], [[German idealism]], [[Erich Jantsch]], [[Jean Piaget]], [[Abraham Maslow]], [[Erik Erikson]], [[Lawrence Kohlberg]], [[James Mark Baldwin]], [[Jürgen Habermas]], [[Howard Gardner]], [[Clare W. Graves]], [[Robert Kegan]] and [[Spiral Dynamics]].

[[Christian de Quincey]] considers Wilber's integral theory to be an intellectual edifice that denigrates emotion. This statement (made in 2000 in "The Promise of Integralism: A Critical Appreciation of Ken Wilber's Integral Psychology" in the ''[[Journal of Consciousness Studies]]''

[[Christian de Quincey]] considers Wilber's integral theory to be an intellectual edifice that denigrates emotion. This statement (made in 2000 in "The Promise of Integralism: A Critical Appreciation of Ken Wilber's Integral Psychology" in the ''[[Journal of Consciousness Studies]]''

[http://www.deepspirit.com/sys-tmpl/thepromiseofintegralism/] and others in the same essay led to a bitter exchange of replies and counter-replies between Wilber and de Quincey, which can be found on de Quincey's and the Shambhala websites.

[https://www.deepspirit.com/sys-tmpl/thepromiseofintegralism/] and others in the same essay led to a bitter exchange of replies and counter-replies between Wilber and de Quincey, which can be found on de Quincey's and the Shambhala websites.

Steve McIntosh argues that Wilber fails to distinguish philosophy from his own Vedantic and Buddhist religion  Steve McIntosh, ''Integral Consciousness and the Future of Evolution'', Paragon House, St Paul Minnesota, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55778-867-2 pp.227f., that his theory of lines of development misrepresents [[Howard Gardner]]'s position and, in any case, doesn't take into account [[Daniel Goleman]]'s distinction between [[reason|rational]] and [[emotional intelligence]]''ibid.''  pp.252ff., and that his AQAL system does not take into account the fact that beginning at the human level (complex neocortex) there has been no change in the biological structure of the brain, this role being taken instead by human-made artifacts ''ibid.'' pp.326ff.

Steve McIntosh argues that Wilber fails to distinguish philosophy from his own Vedantic and Buddhist religion  Steve McIntosh, ''Integral Consciousness and the Future of Evolution'', Paragon House, St Paul Minnesota, 2007, ISBN 978-1-55778-867-2 pp.227f., that his theory of lines of development misrepresents [[Howard Gardner]]'s position and, in any case, doesn't take into account [[Daniel Goleman]]'s distinction between [[reason|rational]] and [[emotional intelligence]]''ibid.''  pp.252ff., and that his AQAL system does not take into account the fact that beginning at the human level (complex neocortex) there has been no change in the biological structure of the brain, this role being taken instead by human-made artifacts ''ibid.'' pp.326ff.

==External links==

==External links==

=== Wilber's sites and work ===

=== Wilber's sites and work ===

* [http://www.kenwilber.com/ Ken Wilber's Official Website and Blog]

* [https://www.kenwilber.com/ Ken Wilber's Official Website and Blog]

* [http://wilber.shambhala.com/ Shambhala Publications' Ken Wilber site]

* [https://wilber.shambhala.com/ Shambhala Publications' Ken Wilber site]

* [http://www.beliefnet.com/author/author_153.html Belief.com - Articles By Ken Wilber]

* [https://www.beliefnet.com/author/author_153.html Belief.com - Articles By Ken Wilber]

* [http://www.imprint.co.uk/Wilber.htm "An Integral Theory of Consciousness"], 1997 essay by Wilber

* [https://www.imprint.co.uk/Wilber.htm "An Integral Theory of Consciousness"], 1997 essay by Wilber

* [http://www.integralinstitute.org/ Ken Wilber's Integral Institute]

* [https://www.integralinstitute.org/ Ken Wilber's Integral Institute]

* [http://www.integralnaked.org/ Integral Naked] pay site billed as: "Behind the Scenes with the Most Provocative Thinkers in Today's World"

* [https://www.integralnaked.org/ Integral Naked] pay site billed as: "Behind the Scenes with the Most Provocative Thinkers in Today's World"

* [http://integralspiritualcenter.org/Integral%20Spirituality.pdf "What Is Integral Spirituality?"] (1.3 MB PDF file) 118 page rough draft summary of Wilber's two forthcoming books

* [https://integralspiritualcenter.org/Integral%20Spirituality.pdf "What Is Integral Spirituality?"] (1.3 MB PDF file) 118 page rough draft summary of Wilber's two forthcoming books

* [http://www.shambhala.com/html/catalog/items/isbn/1-57062-740-1.cfm/ A Brief History of Everything] (Shambhala, 2000) Wilber's most accessible book

* [https://www.shambhala.com/html/catalog/items/isbn/1-57062-740-1.cfm/ A Brief History of Everything] (Shambhala, 2000) Wilber's most accessible book

* [http://www.fudomouth.net/rhizome/kwintegralvision.htm The Integral Vision at the Millennium] Wilber's concise introduction to Spiral Dynamics and the evolution of consciousness

* [https://www.fudomouth.net/rhizome/kwintegralvision.htm The Integral Vision at the Millennium] Wilber's concise introduction to Spiral Dynamics and the evolution of consciousness

* [http://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2059 The Kosmos According to Ken Wilber] 1996 ''Shambhala Sun'' Interview in which Wilber explains and contextualizes his work

* [https://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2059 The Kosmos According to Ken Wilber] 1996 ''Shambhala Sun'' Interview in which Wilber explains and contextualizes his work

* [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Ken_Wilber_on_Spiritual_Growth:_A_Christian_Perspective Ken Wilber on Spiritual Growth: A Christian Perspective]

* [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Ken_Wilber_on_Spiritual_Growth:_A_Christian_Perspective Ken Wilber on Spiritual Growth: A Christian Perspective]

* [http://www.beliefnet.com/story/141/story_14160_1.html Reading Ken Wilber: A beginner's guide to his works]

* [https://www.beliefnet.com/story/141/story_14160_1.html Reading Ken Wilber: A beginner's guide to his works]

*[http://scholar.google.com/scholar?as_q=&num=100&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=ken-wilber&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en&lr=&safe=off Google Scholar results]

*[https://scholar.google.com/scholar?as_q=&num=100&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=ken-wilber&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en&lr=&safe=off Google Scholar results]

==== Interviews and dialogues ====

==== Interviews and dialogues ====

* [http://www.dialogonleadership.org/interviewWilber.htm Interview by Otto Scharner] by Dialogue on Leadership (September 2003)

* [https://www.dialogonleadership.org/interviewWilber.htm Interview by Otto Scharner] by Dialogue on Leadership (September 2003)

* [http://www.andrewcohen.org/andrew/evolutionOfEnlightenment.asp The Evolution of Enlightenment] Dialogue with Andrew Cohen

* [https://www.andrewcohen.org/andrew/evolutionOfEnlightenment.asp The Evolution of Enlightenment] Dialogue with Andrew Cohen

* [http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/interviews/interview1220.cfm/ Shambhala Interview] conducted shortly before the release of ''Boomeritis''

* [https://wilber.shambhala.com/html/interviews/interview1220.cfm/ Shambhala Interview] conducted shortly before the release of ''Boomeritis''

=== Critiques from others within the integral or New Age movements ===

=== Critiques from others within the integral or New Age movements ===

* [http://www.integralworld.net/criticism.html IntegralWorld.net - Critics of Ken Wilber] - a collection of critiques of Wilber's work

* [https://www.integralworld.net/criticism.html IntegralWorld.net - Critics of Ken Wilber] - a collection of critiques of Wilber's work

* [http://wilberwatch.blogspot.com/ Wilber Watch] - a [[blog]] by Frank Visser that provides a forum for both supporters and critics of Wilber to discuss [[Integral thought|integral]] ideas outside official forums like ''Integral Naked'' and the ''Integral Institute''.  

* [https://wilberwatch.blogspot.com/ Wilber Watch] - a [[blog]] by Frank Visser that provides a forum for both supporters and critics of Wilber to discuss [[Integral thought|integral]] ideas outside official forums like ''Integral Naked'' and the ''Integral Institute''.  

*[http://www.adidawilber.com "Adi Da and The Case of Ken Wilber"] Collection of Ken Wilber's writings on Adi Da, with critical commentary from Adi Da's devotees

*[https://www.adidawilber.com "Adi Da and The Case of Ken Wilber"] Collection of Ken Wilber's writings on Adi Da, with critical commentary from Adi Da's devotees

* [http://www.integralscience.org/wilber.html A Critical Look at Ken Wilber’s Four Quadrant Model] - essay by Thomas J. McFarlane

* [https://www.integralscience.org/wilber.html A Critical Look at Ken Wilber’s Four Quadrant Model] - essay by Thomas J. McFarlane

*[http://trumpeter.athabascau.ca/content/v13.2/dizerega.html A Critique of Ken Wilber's Account of Deep Ecology & Nature Religions] by Gus DiZerega

*[https://trumpeter.athabascau.ca/content/v13.2/dizerega.html A Critique of Ken Wilber's Account of Deep Ecology & Nature Religions] by Gus DiZerega

* [http://www.geoffreyfalk.com/blog/critiquesofkw.asp Critiques of Ken Wilber] by Geoffrey D. Falk and others  

* [https://www.geoffreyfalk.com/blog/critiquesofkw.asp Critiques of Ken Wilber] by Geoffrey D. Falk and others  

** [http://www.normaneinsteinbook.com/ "Norman Einstein": The Dis-Integration of Ken Wilber] - online book by Geoffrey D. Falk  

** [https://www.normaneinsteinbook.com/ "Norman Einstein": The Dis-Integration of Ken Wilber] - online book by Geoffrey D. Falk  

* [http://www.spiraldynamics.org/learning/faq.htm#Wilber Wilber's misrepresentations of Spiral Dynamics®, Part I] - [http://www.spiraldynamics.org/reviews/boomeritis_or_bust.html Part II] - according to [[Spiral Dynamics|SD]] co-founder [[Chris Cowan]]

* [https://www.spiraldynamics.org/learning/faq.htm#Wilber Wilber's misrepresentations of Spiral Dynamics®, Part I] - [https://www.spiraldynamics.org/reviews/boomeritis_or_bust.html Part II] - according to [[Spiral Dynamics|SD]] co-founder [[Chris Cowan]]

* [http://www.matthewdallman.com/essay_object/on_wilber_object.html On Ken Wilber - Hopelessly New Age, Hopeless for the Humanities] - critical essay by [[integral art]]ist Matthew Dallman, some of which is based on his experience as art director at [[Integral Institute|Integral University]]

* [https://www.matthewdallman.com/essay_object/on_wilber_object.html On Ken Wilber - Hopelessly New Age, Hopeless for the Humanities] - critical essay by [[integral art]]ist Matthew Dallman, some of which is based on his experience as art director at [[Integral Institute|Integral University]]

* [http://www.kheper.net/topics/Wilber/ Ken Wilber's Philosophy, and some critical appraisals] overview and collected criticisms of Wilber and [[Sri Aurobindo]] by M. Alan Kazlev, Arvan Harvat, [[Michel Bauwens]] and others   

* [https://www.kheper.net/topics/Wilber/ Ken Wilber's Philosophy, and some critical appraisals] overview and collected criticisms of Wilber and [[Sri Aurobindo]] by M. Alan Kazlev, Arvan Harvat, [[Michel Bauwens]] and others   

* [http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/i_es/i_es_hemse_wilber.htm "Ken Wilber and Sri Aurobindo: A Critical Perspective"] by [[Rod Hemsell]] - argues that Wilber misinterprets Aurobindo's teachings.     

* [https://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/i_es/i_es_hemse_wilber.htm "Ken Wilber and Sri Aurobindo: A Critical Perspective"] by [[Rod Hemsell]] - argues that Wilber misinterprets Aurobindo's teachings.     

* [http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/i_es/i_es_jacob_response.htm Response to Ken Wilber's, "Integral Theory of Consciousness"] by Garry Jacobs. Criticises Wilber's position from an Aurobindonian perspective.

* [https://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/i_es/i_es_jacob_response.htm Response to Ken Wilber's, "Integral Theory of Consciousness"] by Garry Jacobs. Criticises Wilber's position from an Aurobindonian perspective.

[[Category: Biography]]

[[Category: Biography]]

[[Category: Philosophy]]

[[Category: Philosophy]]

[[Category: Psychology]]

[[Category: Psychology]]