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→Wilber's holism
===Wilber's holism===
===Wilber's holism===
A key idea in Wilber's philosophical approach is the ''[[Holon (philosophy)|holon]]'', which came from the writings of [[Arthur Koestler]]. In considering what might be the basic building blocks of existence, he observed that it seems every [[entity]] and [[concept]] shares a dual nature: as a whole unto itself, and as a part of some other whole. For example, a cell in an organism is a whole and at the same time a part of another whole, the organism. <ref>The relation between individuals and society is not the same as between cells and organisms because individual holons can be members but not parts of social holons. See ''A Miracle Called "We"'' in '' Integral Spirituality'' and http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/books/kosmos/excerptA/notes-1.cfm. </ref>
A key idea in Wilber's philosophical approach is the ''[[Holon (philosophy)|holon]]'', which came from the writings of [[Arthur Koestler]]. In considering what might be the basic building blocks of existence, he observed that it seems every [[entity]] and [[concept]] shares a dual nature: as a whole unto itself, and as a part of some other whole. For example, a cell in an organism is a whole and at the same time a part of another whole, the organism. <ref>The relation between individuals and society is not the same as between cells and organisms because individual holons can be members but not parts of social holons. See ''A Miracle Called "We"'' in '' Integral Spirituality'' and http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/books/kosmos/excerptA/notes-1.cfm.
Another example is that a letter is a self-existing entity and simultaneously an integral part of a word, which then is part of a sentence, which is part of a paragraph, which is part of a page; and so on. Everything from [[quarks]] to [[matter]] to [[energy]] to [[idea]]s can be looked at in this way — everything in creation except perhaps creation itself is a holon.
Another example is that a letter is a self-existing entity and simultaneously an integral part of a word, which then is part of a sentence, which is part of a paragraph, which is part of a page; and so on. Everything from [[quarks]] to [[matter]] to [[energy]] to [[idea]]s can be looked at in this way — everything in creation except perhaps creation itself is a holon.