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'''Logic''' (from [[Ancient Greek|Classical Greek]] λόγος [[logos]]; meaning word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason, or principle) is the study of the principles and criteria of valid [[inference]] and [[demonstration (proof)|demonstration]].

'''Logic''' (from [[Ancient Greek|Classical Greek]] λόγος [[logos]]; meaning word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason, or principle) is the study of the principles and criteria of valid [[inference]] and [[demonstration (proof)|demonstration]].

As a [[formal science]], logic investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study of [[formal system]]s of [[inference]] and through the study of arguments in natural language.  The field of logic ranges from core topics such as the study of [[fallacies]] and [[paradox]]es, to specialized analysis of reasoning using [[probability]] and to arguments involving [[causality]].  Logic is also commonly used today in [[argumentation theory]]. J. Robert Cox and Charles Arthur Willard, eds. ''Advances in Argumentation Theory and Research'', Southern Illinois University Press, 1983 ISBN 0809310503, ISBN-13 978-0809310500  

As a [[formal science]], logic investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study of [[formal system]]s of [[inference]] and through the study of arguments in natural language.  The field of logic ranges from core topics such as the study of [[fallacies]] and [[paradox]]es, to specialized analysis of reasoning using [[probability]] and to arguments involving [[causality]].  Logic is also commonly used today in [[argumentation theory]]. J. Robert Cox and Charles Arthur Willard, eds. ''Advances in Argumentation Theory and Research'', Southern Illinois University Press, 1983 ISBN 0809310503, ISBN-13 978-0809310500