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As a [[formal science]], logic investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study of [[formal system]]s of [[inference]] and through the study of arguments in natural language.  The field of logic ranges from core topics such as the study of [[fallacies]] and [[paradox]]es, to specialized analysis of reasoning using [[probability]] and to arguments involving [[causality]].  Logic is also commonly used today in [[argumentation theory]]. J. Robert Cox and Charles Arthur Willard, eds. ''Advances in Argumentation Theory and Research'', Southern Illinois University Press, 1983 ISBN 0809310503, ISBN-13 978-0809310500  

As a [[formal science]], logic investigates and classifies the structure of statements and arguments, both through the study of [[formal system]]s of [[inference]] and through the study of arguments in natural language.  The field of logic ranges from core topics such as the study of [[fallacies]] and [[paradox]]es, to specialized analysis of reasoning using [[probability]] and to arguments involving [[causality]].  Logic is also commonly used today in [[argumentation theory]]. J. Robert Cox and Charles Arthur Willard, eds. ''Advances in Argumentation Theory and Research'', Southern Illinois University Press, 1983 ISBN 0809310503, ISBN-13 978-0809310500  

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Logic''''', follow [http://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Logic/TeaM this link].</center>

<center>For lessons on the [[topic]] of '''''Logic''''', follow [https://nordan.daynal.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Logic/TeaM this link].</center>

Traditionally, logic is studied as a branch of [[philosophy]], one part of the classical [[Trivium (education)|trivium]], which consisted of [[grammar]], logic, and [[rhetoric]].  Since the mid-nineteenth century ''formal logic'' has been studied in the context of [[foundations of mathematics]], where it was often called [[symbolic logic]]. In 1903 [[Alfred North Whitehead]] and [[Bertrand Russell]] attempted to establish logic formally as the cornerstone of mathematics with the publication of [[Principia Mathematica]]."Principia" Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, ''Principia Mathematical to *56'', Cambridge University Press, 1967,  ISBN 0-521-62606-4  However, the system of Principia is no longer much used, having been largely supplanted by [[set theory]].  As the study of formal logic expanded, research no longer focused solely on foundational issues, and the study of several resulting areas of mathematics came to be called [[mathematical logic]].   

Traditionally, logic is studied as a branch of [[philosophy]], one part of the classical [[Trivium (education)|trivium]], which consisted of [[grammar]], logic, and [[rhetoric]].  Since the mid-nineteenth century ''formal logic'' has been studied in the context of [[foundations of mathematics]], where it was often called [[symbolic logic]]. In 1903 [[Alfred North Whitehead]] and [[Bertrand Russell]] attempted to establish logic formally as the cornerstone of mathematics with the publication of [[Principia Mathematica]]."Principia" Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, ''Principia Mathematical to *56'', Cambridge University Press, 1967,  ISBN 0-521-62606-4  However, the system of Principia is no longer much used, having been largely supplanted by [[set theory]].  As the study of formal logic expanded, research no longer focused solely on foundational issues, and the study of several resulting areas of mathematics came to be called [[mathematical logic]].