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[[Image:Massmovementbirds_2c.jpg|right|frame]]
[[Image:Massmovementbirds_2c.jpg|right|frame]]
'''Mass movement''' refers to the [[politics|political]] concept of a political party or movement which is supported by large segments of a population. Political movements which typically advocate the creation of a mass movement include the ideologies of [[communism]] and [[fascism]]. Both communists and fascists typically support the creation of mass movements as a means to overthrow a government and create their own government, the mass movement is then used afterwards to protect the government from being overthrown itself.
'''Mass movement''' refers to the [[politics|political]] concept of a political party or movement which is supported by large segments of a population. Political movements which typically advocate the creation of a mass movement include the ideologies of [[communism]] and [[fascism]]. Both communists and fascists typically support the creation of mass movements as a means to overthrow a government and create their own government, the mass movement is then used afterwards to protect the government from being overthrown itself.
The study of ''mass movements'' focuses on such elements as [[charisma]], [[leadership]], active minorities, [[cults]] and [[sects]], followers, mass man and mass [[society]], [[alienation]], [[brainwashing]] and indoctrination, authoritarianism and [[totalitarianism]]. The field emerged from crowd or mass psychology (Le Bon, Tarde a.o.), which had gradually widened its scope from [[mobs]] to [[social movements]] and opinion currents, and then to mass and [[media]] society. One influential early text was the double essay on the herd instinct (1908) by British surgeon Wilfred Trotter. It also influenced the key concepts of the superego and identification in Massenpsychologie (1921) by [[Sigmund Freud]], misleadingly translated as Group psychology. They are linked to ideas on sexual [[repression]] leading to rigid personalities, in the original Mass psychology of fascism (1933) by Freudo-Marxist [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich Wilhelm Reich] (not to be confused with its totally revised 1946 American version). This then rejoined ideas formulated by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_School Frankfurt School] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Adorno Theodor Adorno], ultimately leading to a major American study about The [[authoritarian]] personality (1950), as a basis for xenophobia. Another early theme was the relationship between masses and [[elites]], both outside and within such movements (Gaetano Mosca, Vilfredo Pareto, Robert Michels, Moisey Ostrogorski).
==See also==
==See also==
*'''''[[Social movement]]'''''
*'''''[[Social movement]]'''''
[[Category:Political Science]]
[[Category:Political Science]]
