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[[Theravada]] Buddhism emphasizes the meditative development of [[mindfulness]] (''sati'', see for example the ''[[Satipatthana Sutta]]'') and concentration (''[[samadhi (Buddhism)|samadhi]]'', see ''[[kammatthana]]''), as part of the [[Noble Eightfold Path]], in the pursuit of ''[[Nirvana|Nibbana]]'' (Nirvana).  Traditional popular meditation subjects include the breath (''[[anapana]]'') and loving-kindness (''[[mettā]]'').

[[Theravada]] Buddhism emphasizes the meditative development of [[mindfulness]] (''sati'', see for example the ''[[Satipatthana Sutta]]'') and concentration (''[[samadhi (Buddhism)|samadhi]]'', see ''[[kammatthana]]''), as part of the [[Noble Eightfold Path]], in the pursuit of ''[[Nirvana|Nibbana]]'' (Nirvana).  Traditional popular meditation subjects include the breath (''[[anapana]]'') and loving-kindness (''[[mettā]]'').

In Japanese [[Mahayana]] schools, [[Tendai]] (Tien-tai), concentration is cultivated through highly structured ritual. Especially in the Chinese [[Chán]] Buddhism school (which branched out into the Japanese [[Zen]], and Korean [[Seon]] schools), [[Zazen|ts'o ch'an]] meditation and [[koan]] meditation practices allow a practitioner to directly experience the true nature of [[reality]] (each of the names of these schools derives from the Sanskrit [[dhyana]], and translates into "meditation" in their respective languages). The [[esoteric]] [[Shingon]] sect shares many features with [[Tibetan Buddhism]].

In Japanese [[Mahayana]] schools, [[Tendai]] (Tien-tai), concentration is cultivated through highly structured ritual. Especially in the Chinese [[Chán]] Buddhism school (which branched out into the Japanese [[Zen]], and Korean [[Seon]] schools), [[Zazen|ts'o ch'an]] meditation and [[koan]] meditation practices allow a practitioner to directly experience the true nature of [[reality]] (each of the names of these schools derives from the Sanskrit [[dhyana]], and translates into "meditation" in their respective languages). The [[esoteric]] [[Shingon]] sect shares many features with [[Tibetan Buddhism]].