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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1834]

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century 1834]

==Definition==

==Definition==

1: to [[commit]] to [[memory]] : learn by [[heart]]  

1: to [[commit]] to [[memory]] : learn by [[heart]]  

'''Memorization''' is the [[process]] of [[committing]] something to [[memory]]. The act of memorization is often a deliberate [[mental]] [[process]] undertaken in order to store in memory for later recall items such as [[experiences]], [[names]], appointments, addresses, telephone numbers, lists, [[stories]], [[poems]], [[pictures]], maps, diagrams, [[facts]], music or other visual, auditory, or tactical [[information]]. Memorization may also refer to the [[process]] of storing particular [[data]] into the memory of a device.

'''Memorization''' is the [[process]] of [[committing]] something to [[memory]]. The act of memorization is often a deliberate [[mental]] [[process]] undertaken in order to store in memory for later recall items such as [[experiences]], [[names]], appointments, addresses, telephone numbers, lists, [[stories]], [[poems]], [[pictures]], maps, diagrams, [[facts]], music or other visual, auditory, or tactical [[information]]. Memorization may also refer to the [[process]] of storing particular [[data]] into the memory of a device.

The [[scientific]] study of memory is part of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_neuroscience cognitive neuroscience], an interdisciplinary link between cognitive psychology and neuroscience.

The [[scientific]] study of memory is part of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_neuroscience cognitive neuroscience], an interdisciplinary link between cognitive psychology and neuroscience.

==Techniques==

==Techniques==

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rote_learning Rote learning], a learning [[technique]] which [[focuses]] not on [[understanding]] but on memorization by means of [[repetition]]. For example, if [[words]] are to be learned, they may be repeatedly spoken aloud or repeatedly written down. Specialised forms of rote learning have also been used in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_chant Vedic chant] since as long as three thousand years ago, to preserve the intonation and lexical [[accuracy]] of very long [[texts]], some with tens of thousands of verses.

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rote_learning Rote learning], a learning [[technique]] which [[focuses]] not on [[understanding]] but on memorization by means of [[repetition]]. For example, if [[words]] are to be learned, they may be repeatedly spoken aloud or repeatedly written down. Specialised forms of rote learning have also been used in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_chant Vedic chant] since as long as three thousand years ago, to preserve the intonation and lexical [[accuracy]] of very long [[texts]], some with tens of thousands of verses.

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic A mnemonic], a type of memory aid. Mnemonics are often verbal, such as a very short [[poem]] or a special [[word]] used to help a person remember something, particularly lists, but they may be [[visual]], kinesthetic or auditory. Mnemonics rely on [[associations]] between easy-to-remember constructs which can be related back to the [[data]] that is to be remembered. This is based on the [[principle]] that the human mind much more easily remembers spatial, [[personal]], [[surprising]], [[sexual]] or [[humorous]] or otherwise [[meaningful]] [[information]] than [[arbitrary]] sequences.

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic A mnemonic], a type of memory aid. Mnemonics are often verbal, such as a very short [[poem]] or a special [[word]] used to help a person remember something, particularly lists, but they may be [[visual]], kinesthetic or auditory. Mnemonics rely on [[associations]] between easy-to-remember constructs which can be related back to the [[data]] that is to be remembered. This is based on the [[principle]] that the human mind much more easily remembers spatial, [[personal]], [[surprising]], [[sexual]] or [[humorous]] or otherwise [[meaningful]] [[information]] than [[arbitrary]] sequences.

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic_link_system A mnemonic link system], a [[method]] of remembering lists, based on creating an [[association]] between the elements of that list. For example, if one [[wished]] to remember the list (dog, envelope, thirteen, yarn, window), one could create a link [[system]], such as a story about a "dog stuck in an envelope, mailed to an unlucky black cat playing with yarn by the window". It is then [[argued]] that the [[story]] would be easier to remember than the list itself. Alternatively one could use [[visualisation]], seeing in one's [[mind's eye]] an image that includes two elements in the list that are next to each other. One could [[imagine]] a dog inside a giant envelope, then visualise an unlucky black cat (or whatever that reminds the user 'thirteen') eating a huge envelope. In order to [[access]] a certain element of the list, one needs to "traverse" the system (much in the same vein as a linked list), in order to get the element from the system.

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic_link_system A mnemonic link system], a [[method]] of remembering lists, based on creating an [[association]] between the elements of that list. For example, if one [[wished]] to remember the list (dog, envelope, thirteen, yarn, window), one could create a link [[system]], such as a story about a "dog stuck in an envelope, mailed to an unlucky black cat playing with yarn by the window". It is then [[argued]] that the [[story]] would be easier to remember than the list itself. Alternatively one could use [[visualisation]], seeing in one's [[mind's eye]] an image that includes two elements in the list that are next to each other. One could [[imagine]] a dog inside a giant envelope, then visualise an unlucky black cat (or whatever that reminds the user 'thirteen') eating a huge envelope. In order to [[access]] a certain element of the list, one needs to "traverse" the system (much in the same vein as a linked list), in order to get the element from the system.

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic_peg_system A peg system], a [[technique]] for memorizing lists. It works by pre-memorizing a list of [[words]] that are easy to [[associate]] with the [[numbers]] they represent (1 to 10, 1-100, 1-1000, etc.). Those objects form the "pegs" of the system. Then in the [[future]], to rapidly memorize a list of [[arbitrary]] objects, each one is associated with the appropriate peg. Generally, a peglist only has to be memorized one time, and can then be used over and over every time a list of items needs to be memorized. The peglists are generated from [[words]] that are easy to [[associate]] with the [[numbers]] (or letters). Peg lists created from letters of the [[alphabet]] or from rhymes are very simple to learn, but are limited in the number of pegs they can produce.

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic_peg_system A peg system], a [[technique]] for memorizing lists. It works by pre-memorizing a list of [[words]] that are easy to [[associate]] with the [[numbers]] they represent (1 to 10, 1-100, 1-1000, etc.). Those objects form the "pegs" of the system. Then in the [[future]], to rapidly memorize a list of [[arbitrary]] objects, each one is associated with the appropriate peg. Generally, a peglist only has to be memorized one time, and can then be used over and over every time a list of items needs to be memorized. The peglists are generated from [[words]] that are easy to [[associate]] with the [[numbers]] (or letters). Peg lists created from letters of the [[alphabet]] or from rhymes are very simple to learn, but are limited in the number of pegs they can produce.

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic_major_system The Major system], a mnemonic [[technique]] used to aid in memorizing [[numbers]] which is also called the phonetic number system or phonetic mnemonic system. It works by converting numbers first into consonant [[sounds]], then into words by adding vowels. The words can then be remembered more easily than the numbers, especially when using other mnemonic rules which call for the words to be [[visual]] and [[emotive]].

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic_major_system The Major system], a mnemonic [[technique]] used to aid in memorizing [[numbers]] which is also called the phonetic number system or phonetic mnemonic system. It works by converting numbers first into consonant [[sounds]], then into words by adding vowels. The words can then be remembered more easily than the numbers, especially when using other mnemonic rules which call for the words to be [[visual]] and [[emotive]].

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_loci The Method of loci], a [[technique]] for memorizing [[practiced]] since classical [[antiquity]] which is a type of mnemonic link system based on places (loci, otherwise known as locations). It is often used where long lists of items need to be memorized. The technique was taught for many centuries as a part of the [[curriculum]] in [[schools]], enabling an orator to easily remember a [[speech]] or students to easily remember many [[things]] at will.

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_loci The Method of loci], a [[technique]] for memorizing [[practiced]] since classical [[antiquity]] which is a type of mnemonic link system based on places (loci, otherwise known as locations). It is often used where long lists of items need to be memorized. The technique was taught for many centuries as a part of the [[curriculum]] in [[schools]], enabling an orator to easily remember a [[speech]] or students to easily remember many [[things]] at will.

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_memory The Art of memory], a group of mnemonic [[principles]] and [[techniques]] used to organize memory [[impressions]], improve recall, and assist in the combination and '[[invention]]' of [[ideas]]. This group of principles was usually associated with [[training]] in [[Rhetoric]] or [[Logic]] from the time of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece Ancient Greece], but variants of the art were employed in other [[contexts]], particularly the [[religious]] and the [[magical]]. Techniques commonly employed in the art include the association of [[emotionally]] striking memory [[images]] within visualized locations, the chaining or association of groups of images, the association of images with schematic graphics or notae ("[[signs]], markings, figures" in Latin), and the association of [[text]] with [[images]]. Any or all of these techniques were often used in combination with the [[contemplation]] or [[study]] of [[architecture]], [[books]], [[sculpture]] and painting, which were seen by practitioners of the art of memory as externalizations of internal memory images and/or organization.

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_memory The Art of memory], a group of mnemonic [[principles]] and [[techniques]] used to organize memory [[impressions]], improve recall, and assist in the combination and '[[invention]]' of [[ideas]]. This group of principles was usually associated with [[training]] in [[Rhetoric]] or [[Logic]] from the time of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece Ancient Greece], but variants of the art were employed in other [[contexts]], particularly the [[religious]] and the [[magical]]. Techniques commonly employed in the art include the association of [[emotionally]] striking memory [[images]] within visualized locations, the chaining or association of groups of images, the association of images with schematic graphics or notae ("[[signs]], markings, figures" in Latin), and the association of [[text]] with [[images]]. Any or all of these techniques were often used in combination with the [[contemplation]] or [[study]] of [[architecture]], [[books]], [[sculpture]] and painting, which were seen by practitioners of the art of memory as externalizations of internal memory images and/or organization.

==Improving Memorization==

==Improving Memorization==

Although [[maintenance]] [[rehearsal]] (a method of learning through [[repetition]], similar to rote learning) can be useful for memorizing [[information]] for a short period of time, [[studies]] have shown that elaborative rehearsal, which is a means of relating new [[material]] with old [[information]] in order to obtain a deeper [[understanding]] of the [[content]], is a more efficient means of improving memory. This can be [[explained]] by the levels-of-processing model of memory which states that the more in-depth encoding a [[person]] undergoes while [[learning]] new material by associating it with memories already known to the person, the more likely they are to remember the [[information]] later.

Although [[maintenance]] [[rehearsal]] (a method of learning through [[repetition]], similar to rote learning) can be useful for memorizing [[information]] for a short period of time, [[studies]] have shown that elaborative rehearsal, which is a means of relating new [[material]] with old [[information]] in order to obtain a deeper [[understanding]] of the [[content]], is a more efficient means of improving memory. This can be [[explained]] by the levels-of-processing model of memory which states that the more in-depth encoding a [[person]] undergoes while [[learning]] new material by associating it with memories already known to the person, the more likely they are to remember the [[information]] later.